Numerical Simulation Study on Effect of Deflectors on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23161

Abstract

Abstract:

Objectives Deflectors can modify flow distribution within wind farms, and their integration into existing wind farms is an effective method for improving wind energy capture by wind turbines. To quantify the effect of deflectors, various operating conditions of deflectors are established to obtain the velocity distribution within the wind field and the wind turbine output power under different conditions. Methods A three-level orthogonal combination of three factors of deflector inclination angle, length, and distance between the deflector and the wind turbine is conducted. Numerical simulations based on the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method are performed to maximize the power output of the wind turbine. Results Different deflector inclination angles, lengths, and distances between the deflector and the wind turbine have varying degrees of effect on inflow wind velocity and wind turbine output power. Among these influencing factors, the inclination angle has the most significant effect on the inflow wind velocity and output power of the wind turbine, followed by the deflector length, and finally the distance between the deflector and the wind turbine. Conclusions The findings provide valuable guidance for improving wind turbine power output and optimizing the design and application of deflectors in wind energy utilization.

Key words: renewable energy, wind power, wind resource, wind turbine, deflector, aerodynamic characteristics, numerical simulation

CLC Number:

TK 83

Lidong ZHANG, Zhixiang YANG, Wenfeng LI, Jiangzhe FENG, Bo ZHANG, Huaihui REN, Zhe CHEN, Zhaoxin WANG. Numerical Simulation Study on Effect of Deflectors on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(2): 336-343.

Figures/Tables 11

Tab. 1 Main design parameters of NREL 5 MW wind turbine

参数	数值
额定功率P₀/MW	5
额定风速v₀/(m∙s^-1)	11.4
风轮直径D/m	126
轮毂高度H_hub/m	90

Tab. 2 Orthogonal experimental design schemes

工况	α/(°)	H/m	L_w/m
1	90	0.25H_hub	4H_hub
2	90	0.45H_hub	2H_hub
3	90	0.35H_hub	H_hub
4	60	0.35H_hub	4H_hub
5	60	0.25H_hub	2H_hub
6	60	0.45H_hub	H_hub
7	30	0.45H_hub	4H_hub
8	30	0.35H_hub	2H_hub
9	30	0.25H_hub	H_hub

Tab. 3 Grid independence verification

案例	总网格数	输出功率/kW
1	7 105 220	2 202.29
2	6 268 319	2 201.49
3	4 320 466	2 199.88
4	2 600 673	2 178.14
5	1 092 920	2 106.50

Fig. 1 Model mesh division

Fig. 2 Contour map of average flow field velocity at an inclination angle of 90°

Fig. 3 Wind profile at 0.5Hhub upstream of the windturbine (α=90°)

Fig. 4 Contour map of average flow field velocity at an inclination angle of 60°

Fig. 5 Wind profile at 0.5Hhub upstream of the windturbine (α=60°)

Fig. 6 Contour map of average flow field velocity at an inclination angle of 30°

Fig. 7 Wind profile at 0.5Hhub upstream of the windturbine (α=30°)

Tab. 4 Effect of operating conditions on wind turbine output power

工况	倾斜角α/(°)	输出功率/kW	(负)增长率γ/%
1	90	2 169.88	-0.89
2	90	2 205.99	0.76
3	90	2 194.68	0.24
4	60	2 225.35	1.64
5	60	2 215.90	1.21
6	60	2 402.67	9.74
7	30	2 206.83	0.79
8	30	2 203.76	0.65
9	30	2 203.16	0.63

References 27

1	姜红丽，刘羽茜，冯一铭，等．碳达峰、碳中和背景下“十四五”时期发电技术趋势分析[J]．发电技术，2022，43(1)：54-64． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21030
	JIANG H L， LIU Y X， FENG Y M，et al ．Analysis of power generation technology trend in 14th Five-Year Plan under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutrality[J]．Power Generation Technology，2022，43(1)：54-64． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21030
2	马嘉晨，袁满，杨德友，等．用于提升风电消纳能力的高载能负荷调度策略研究[J]．东北电力大学学报，2024，44(2)：79-87．
	MA J C， YUAN M， YANG D Y，et al ．Research on high-energy load dispatching strategy usedto improve wind power ability[J]．Journal of Northeast Electric Power University，2024，44(2)：79-87．
3	舒印彪，张正陵，汤涌，等．新型电力系统构建的若干基本问题[J]．中国电机工程学报，2024，44(21)：8327-8341．
	SHU Y B， ZHANG Z L， TANG Y，et al ．Fundamental issues of new-type power system construction[J]．Proceedings of the CSEE，2024，44(21)：8327-8341．
4	国家能源局．2024年可再生能源并网运行情况[EB/OL]．(2025-01-27)[2025-02-28]．．
	National Energy Administration ．Renewable energy grid-connected operation in 2024[EB/OL]．(2025-01-27)[2025-02-28]．．
5	刘军，安柏任，张维博，等．大型风力发电机组健康状态评价综述[J]．电力系统保护与控制，2023，51(1)：176-187．
	LIU J， AN B R， ZHANG W B，et al ．Review of health status evaluation of large wind turbines[J]．Power System Protection and Control，2023，51(1)：176-187．
6	陈耀森，陈贻颢，汪枫，等．直驱式同步风力发电机组的仿真模拟[J]．电力科技与环保，2023，39(1)：87-94．
	CHEN Y S， CHEN Y H， WANG F，et al ．Modeling and simulation of direct-drive synchronous wind turbine[J]．Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection，2023，39(1)：87-94．
7	张立栋，李佩，姜铁骝，等．槽式太阳能阵列挡风增速效果数值模拟[J]．综合智慧能源，2024，46(6)：1-7．
	ZHANG L D， LI P， JIANG T L，et al ．Numerical simulation on the wind blocking and speed increasing effect of trough solar arrays[J]．Integrated Intelligent Energy，2024，46(6)：1-7．
8	刘树洁，崔冬林，沙伟，等．基于3D扫描雷达实测数据的海上风电场尾流特性研究[J]．全球能源互联网，2023，6(1)：80-87．
	LIU S J， CUI D L， SHA W，et al ．Research on wake characteristics of offshore wind farms based on 3D scanning lidar data[J]．Journal of Global Energy Interconnection，2023，6(1)：80-87．
9	刘诗琴，赵斌，马海鹏，等．基于WindSim模拟的山地风电场风资源特性分析[J]．风机技术，2025，67(1)：67-75．
	LIU S Q， ZHAO B， MA H P，et al ．Wind resource analysis of mountain wind farm based on WindSim simulation[J]．Chinese Journal of Turbomachinery，2025，67(1)：67-75．
10	郑博文，杨朋威，姜传霏，等．考虑频率约束的新能源电网极限渗透率估计方法[J]．广东电力，2024，37(10)：66-74．
	ZHENG B W， YANG P W， JIANG C F，et al ．Estimation of extreme penetration rate of new energy grid considering frequency constraints[J]．Guangdong Electric Power，2024，37(10)：66-74．
11	张立栋，铁浩，刘惠文，等．风力机偏航对尾迹演化影响的实验研究[J]．发电技术，2024，45(6)：1153-1162．
	ZHANG L D，TIE H， LIU H W，et al ．Experimental study on the influence of wind turbine yaw on wake evolution[J]．Power Generation Technology，2024，45(6)：1153-1162．
12	张立栋，李国浩，杨世宇，等．场间尾流对风电场发电量的影响[J]．分布式能源，2023，8(1)：57-62．
	ZHANG L D， LI G H， YANG S Y，et al ．Influence of wake between wind farms on wind power generation[J]．Distributed Energy，2023，8(1)：57-62．
13	陈林，莫秋云，尹佳蓓，等．带导流板的一体化风机气动性能分析[J]．机械设计与研究，2019，35(1)：205-209．
	CHEN L， MO Q Y， YIN J B，et al ．Aerodynamic performance analysis of integrated wind turbine with a baffles[J]．Machine Design & Research，2019，35(1)：205-209．
14	金鑫，甘洋，杨显刚，等．带有挡流板的垂直轴风力发电机性能优化研究[J]．太阳能学报，2018，39(7)：1995-2002．
	JIN X， GAN Y， YANG X G，et al ．Performance optimization research of h-type vertical axis wind turbine with an upstream deflector[J]．Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica，2018，39(7)：1995-2002．
15	张运．对称导流板对直叶片垂直轴风力机气动性能影响数值研究[D]．扬州：扬州大学，2015．
	ZHANG Y ．Investigation of the symmetrical diversion baffles on aerodynamic performance of lift-style straight blade VAWT based on numerical simulation[D]．Yangzhou：Yangzhou University，2015．
16	苏振鸾，李岩，佟国强，等．具有导流板直线翼垂直轴风力机气动特性分析[J]．排灌机械工程学报，2023，41(1)：56-61．
	SU Z L， LI Y， TONG G Q，et al ．Study on aerodynamic characteristics of straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine with guide vane[J]．Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering，2023，41(1)：56-61．
17	POTENTIER T， GUILMINEAU E， FINEZ A，et al ．High-Reynolds-number wind turbine blade equipped with root spoilers：unsteady aerodynamic analysis using URANS simulations[J]．Wind Energy Science，2022，7(2)：647-657． doi:10.5194/wes-7-647-2022
18	KIM D， GHARIB M ．Efficiency improvement of straight-bladed vertical-axis wind turbines with an upstream deflector[J]．Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics，2013，115：48-52． doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2013.01.009
19	LIU L， STEVENS R J ．Enhanced wind-farm performance using windbreaks[J]．Physical Review Fluids，2021，6(7)：074611． doi:10.1103/physrevfluids.6.074611
20	TOBIN N， HAMED A M， CHAMORRO L P ．Fractional flow speed-up from porous windbreaks for enhanced wind-turbine power[J]．Boundary-Layer Meteorology，2017，163(2)：253-271． doi:10.1007/s10546-016-0228-8
21	ZHANG Y F ．Ground surface effects in wind farms：a micro wind farm model study[D]．Baltimore，Maryland，USA：Johns Hopkins University，2018．
22	CHEN J， ZHANG Y， XU Z，et al ．Flow characteristics analysis and power comparison for two novel types of vertically staggered wind farms[J]．Energy，2023，263：126141． doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.126141
23	周恺，张睿哲，叶宽，等．基于正交试验理论的接地扁钢缺陷检测电磁超声换能器优化设计[J]．电测与仪表，2023，60(8)：57-61．
	ZHOU K， ZHANG R Z， YE K，et al ．Optimal design of electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer for defect detection of grounded flat steel based on orthogonal test theory[J]．Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation，2023，60(8)：57-61．
24	张顺，王振国，姜文东，等．特高压输电塔龙卷风荷载特性的数值模拟[J]．中国电力，2023，56(10)：153-163．
	ZHANG S， WANG Z G， JIANG W D，et al ．Numerical study of ultra-high voltage transmission tower wind loads characteristics against tornado[J]．Electric Power，2023，56(10)：153-163．
25	李进才，李涵琪，张卓然，等．航空油冷三级式无刷发电机流固耦合传热研究及散热优化[J]．电工技术学报，2024，39(22)：7030-7044．
	LI J C， LI H Q， ZHANG Z R，et al ．Research on fluid-solid coupling heat transfer and optimization of heat dissipation in the aircraft oil-cooled wound rotor synchronous generator[J]．Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society，2024，39(22)：7030-7044．
26	秦志鹏，魏高升，崔柳，等．S型翼缝与尾缘襟翼联合控制风力机翼型气动性能的研究[J]．发电技术，2024，45(1)：24-31．
	QIN Z P， WEI G S， CUI L，et al ．Study on aerodynamic performance of wind turbine airfoil with combined S-slot and trailing edge flap control[J]．Power Generation Technology，2024，45(1)：24-31．
27	唐潘宇，吴俊杰，肖祥，等．基于数值模拟的阻力转子风力发电机叶片近流场特性分析[J]．分布式能源，2023，8(1)：63-68．
	TANG P Y， WU J J， XIAO X，et al ．Analysis of near flow field characteristics of resistance rotor wind turbine blades based on numerical simulation[J]．Distributed Energy，2023，8(1)：63-68．

[1]	Langbo HOU, Hao SUN, Heng CHEN, Yue GAO. Optimization Scheduling of Integrated Energy Systems in Communities Based on Demand Response and Stackelberg Game [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(2): 219-230.
[2]	Zhong LIU, Yanming HUANG, Guangming ZHU, Shuyun ZOU. Optimal Capacity Configuration Method for Multi-Microgrid System Utilizing Wind-Solar-Electric-Hydrogen Hybrid Energy Storage [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(2): 240-251.
[3]	Kui WANG, Meng YU, Haijing ZHANG, Yan LI, Zhe LIU, Junhong GUO. Multi-Time Scale Optimization Strategy for New Distribution System Oriented to Photovoltaic Consumption and Low Carbon Demand Response of Ice Storage Air Conditioning Groups [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(2): 284-295.
[4]	Zhenglong SUN, Jiqiang SAN. Research on Doubly-Fed Wind Turbine Shaft System With Virtual Inertia for Torsional Vibration Analysis [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(2): 314-325.
[5]	Yangfan ZHANG, Yilin LI, Lin YE, Xuejiao FU, Zhengyu WANG, Yaohan WANG. Short-Term Wind Power Prediction Method Considering Wind Turbine Operation Status Clustering Under Low-Temperature Conditions [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(2): 326-335.
[6]	Shanying HU, Yong JIN, Zhenye ZHANG. Developing New Quality Productive Forces to Achieve Carbon Neutrality [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(1): 1-8.
[7]	Lingzhi WANG, Xinbo ZHANG. Wind Speed Distribution Fitting and Annual Electricity Generation Estimation of Wind Turbine Based on Improved Mixture Gaussian Model [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(1): 103-112.
[8]	Kai LI, Pingheng ZHANG, Zhihao MENG, Yunning CAO, Yao XU, Li LIU, Lianming LI. Numerical Simulation of Fly Ash Deposition Characteristics and Flow Field Optimization for SCR External Flue [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(1): 145-153.
[9]	Kaihui WANG, Bin LIU, Xiaohui ZHE, Wei LIU, Hao FAN, Zongyao KANG, Li XU. Kinetic Characterization and NO _x Reduction Mechanism of Mixed Ammonia-Hydrogen Combustion in Cyclone Combustor [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(1): 171-179.
[10]	Guoqin LAN, Ye LU, Yansheng KAN, Jiguang ZHANG, Huanhuan WANG, Fang ZHONG, Chengcai WANG, Liming XIAO, Zhaoyang WANG. Research on the Development Trends and Countermeasures of Integrated Energy Services [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(1): 19-30.
[11]	Xianmin ZENG, Boyun LI, Xiangyang SHEN, Jiashu CHEN, Lixing DING. Thermal Stress Analysis of Transversally Corrugated Tube in Solar Receiver Under Semi-Circumference Heating [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(1): 190-199.
[12]	Lu CUI, Shilin LIU, Wan MIAO, Qing WANG. Optimized Operation Strategy of Wind-Solar-Storage Integrated Charging Station Considering Power-to-Hydrogen and Demand Response [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(1): 31-41.
[13]	Honghai KUANG, Qian GUO. Short-Term Wind Power Prediction Method Based on Multimodal Feature Extraction-Convolutional Neural Network-Long-Short Term Memory Network [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(1): 93-102.
[14]	Zhuo LIU, Donglin CHEN, Shuqi WANG, Yijiang YANG, Youyang YAN, Zhan YANG. Optimization Method of Flow Field for Alleviating Clogging of Mist Eliminator in Desulfurization Tower [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(6): 1087-1094.
[15]	Beilei REN, Kunli GUO, Weizheng CAI, Bohao LI, Tinghua ZHU, Lingtao LI. Subsynchronous Oscillation Suppression of Direct-Drive Wind Turbines Based on Improved Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control and Analysis of Impedance Stability [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(6): 1135-1145.