Subsynchronous Oscillation Suppression of Direct-Drive Wind Turbines Based on Improved Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control and Analysis of Impedance Stability

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23076

Abstract

Abstract:

Objectives In response to the impact of the bandwidth of the current inner loop PI controller on the stability of the grid connected system of direct drive wind turbines under the background of weak electricity network, which leads to the induction of sub synchronous oscillation (SSO) phenomenon, a linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) was proposed to replace the current inner loop PI controller with an improved linear state error feedback control law (LSEF) to suppress SSO. Methods Firstly, the LSEF of the LADRC controller was improved, and the tracking errors and anti-interference capabilities were studied. Moreover, an impedance model for the system considering frequency coupling effects was developed, and the Nyquist criterion was employed to assess the impact of line impedance values on the stability of the grid-connected converter system. Finally, the analysis and validation were performed using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software. Results Compared with traditional LADRC, the improved LADRC can reduce the DC side voltage fluctuation range by 85% and the active power fluctuation range by 89%. Conclusions Compared with traditional LADRC controllers, improved LADRC controllers can better reduce the range of power fluctuations, DC side voltage fluctuations, and tracking errors.

Key words: wind power, subsynchronous oscillation (SSO), linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC), impedance model, direct-drive wind turbine, weak grid, connection to grid

CLC Number:

TK 83

Beilei REN, Kunli GUO, Weizheng CAI, Bohao LI, Tinghua ZHU, Lingtao LI. Subsynchronous Oscillation Suppression of Direct-Drive Wind Turbines Based on Improved Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control and Analysis of Impedance Stability[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(6): 1135-1145.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig. 1 Control structure of grid side converter

Fig. 2 Improved LADRC control block diagram

Fig. 3 Bode diagram of system disturbance term

Fig. 4 Comparison of transient performance between traditional LADRC and improved LADRC

Tab.1 Comparison of transient characteristics

控制类型	调节时间/s	超调量/%
传统LADRC	0.08	9.37
改进LADRC	0.02	7.98

Fig. 5 Verification of the admittance model of the improved LADRC network side converter

Fig. 6 Nyquist curve under the control of improved LADRC

Fig. 7 Traditional LADRC impedance Bode diagram

Fig. 8 Improved LADRC impedance Bode diagram

Tab. 2 Main parameters of the system

参数	数值	参数	数值
额定功率P_N/MW	1.5	电压外环比例系数K_pu	2
网侧电压U_dc/kV	3	电压外环积分系数K_iu	50
直流侧母线参考电压U_dcref/kV	5	电流内环比例系数K_pi	0.6
线路电感L₁/mH	0.002 3	电流内环积分系数K_ii	4
滤波电感L/mH	2	LESO参数 $ω 0$	900
直流侧电容C_z/μH	8 000	LSEF参数 $ω c$	750

Tab. 2 Main parameters of the system

参数	数值	参数	数值
额定功率P_N/MW	1.5	电压外环比例系数K_pu	2
网侧电压U_dc/kV	3	电压外环积分系数K_iu	50
直流侧母线参考电压U_dcref/kV	5	电流内环比例系数K_pi	0.6
线路电感L₁/mH	0.002 3	电流内环积分系数K_ii	4
滤波电感L/mH	2	LESO参数 $ω 0$	900
直流侧电容C_z/μH	8 000	LSEF参数 $ω c$	750

Fig. 9 Comparison chart when SCR is 1.9

Fig. 10 Comparison chart of three controls when

Tab. 3 Fluctuation range of different SCR data when wind speed is 7.5 m/s

参数		直流侧电压/kV		有功功率/MW
参数		波动峰值	波动范围	波动峰值	波动范围
SCR为1.9	传统LADRC	4.990 4~5.009 5	0.019 1	0.704 3~0.737 1	0.032 8
SCR为1.9	改进LADRC	4.999 2~5.001 3	0.002 1	0.712 2~0.715 7	0.003 5
SCR为2.9	传统LADRC	4.995 3~5.006 5	0.011 2	0.710 0~0.726 2	0.016 2
SCR为2.9	改进LADRC	4.999 4~5.001 1	0.001 7	0.717 3~0.719 9	0.002 6

Fig.11 Comparison chart when wind speed is 7.3 m/s

Fig. 12 Comparison chart when wind speed is 8.5 m/s

Tab. 4 Fluctuation range of different wind speed data when SCR is 2.5

参数		直流侧电压/kV		有功功率/MW
参数		波动峰值	波动范围	波动峰值	波动范围
风速为7.3 m/s	传统LADRC	4.993 4~5.004 7	0.011 3	0.658 0~0.674 0	0.016
风速为7.3 m/s	改进LADRC	4.998 4~5.000 3	0.001 9	0.663 0~0.665 1	0.002 1
风速为8.5 m/s	传统LADRC	4.994 4~5.005 8	0.011 4	1.039 5~1.059 0	0.019 5
风速为8.5 m/s	改进LADRC	4.999 3~5.001 4	0.002 1	1.049 5~1.053 2	0.003 7

Fig. 13 Improved LADRC control FFT analysis

Fig. 14 PI control FFT analysis

References 26

1	于永军，王利超，张明远，等．基于阻抗特性多项式拟合的直驱风电机组次同步振荡稳定判据[J]．发电技术，2020，41(4)：429-436． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.19140
	YU Y J， WANG L C， ZHANG M Y，et al ．Stability criterion of subsynchronous oscillation of direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator based on impedance polynomial fitting[J]．Power Generation Technology，2020，41(4)：429-436． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.19140
2	康佳乐，余浩，段瑶，等．风电场次同步振荡等值建模方法研究[J]．发电技术，2022，43(6)：880-891． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21121
	KANG J L， YU H， DUAN Y，et al ．Equivalent modeling method of sub-synchronous oscillation in wind farm[J]．Power Generation Technology，2022，43(6)：880-891． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21121
3	王俊茜，贾祺，刘侃，等．混合风电场接入含固定串补系统的次同步振荡特性分析[J]．可再生能源，2022，40(5)：651-659．
	WANG J X， JIA Q， LIU K，et al ．Analysis of subsynchronous oscillation characteristics of hybrid-based wind farm connected with fixed series compensation system[J]．Renewable Energy Resources，2022，40(5)：651-659．
4	李博浩，郭昆丽，吕家君，等．次同步电流双通道附加阻尼抑制次同步振荡策略及阻抗模型分析[J]．分布式能源，2023，8(6)：1-10．
	LI B H， GUO K L， LÜ J J，et al ．Subsynchronous current dual channel additional damping suppression subsynchronous oscillation strategy and impedance model analysis[J]．Distributed Energy，2023，8(6)：1-10．
5	戴礼国，杨浩，陈力，等．基于深度强化学习的风电柔直并网系统次同步振荡抑制方法[J]．智慧电力，2023，51(4)：1-7．
	DAI L G， YANG H， CHEN L，et al ．Subsynchronous oscillation suppression method for flexible direct grid-connected wind power system based on deep reinforcement learning[J]．Smart Power，2023，51(4)：1-7．
6	LIU H， BI T， CHANG X，et al ．Impacts of subsynchronous and supersynchronous frequency components on synchrophasor measurements[J]．Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy，2016，4(3)：362-369． doi:10.1007/s40565-016-0225-4
7	高本锋，刘晋，李忍，等．风电机组的次同步控制相互作用研究综述[J]．电工技术学报，2015，30(16)：154-161．
	GAO B F， LIU J， LI R，et al ．Studies of sub-synchronous control interaction in wind turbine generators[J]．Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society，2015，30(16)：154-161．
8	VIRULKAR V B， GOTMARE G V ．Sub-synchronous resonance in series compensated wind farm：a review[J]．Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews，2016，55：1010-1029． doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.012
9	HUANG B Y， SUN H S， LIU Y M ．Study on subsynchronous oscillation in D-PMSGs-based wind farm integrated to power system[J]．IET Renewable Power Gener，2019，13(1)：16-26． doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2018.5051
10	陈晨，杜文娟，王海风．风电场接入引发电力系统次同步振荡机理综述[J]．南方电网技术，2018，12(1)：84-93．
	CHEN C， DU W J， WANG H F ．A review of the subsynchronous oscillation mechanism of the power system caused by the connection of wind farms[J]．China Southern Power Grid Technology，2018，12(1)：84-93．
11	LIU H， XIE X， HE J，et al ．Subsynchronous interaction between direct-drive PMSG based wind farms and weak AC networks[J]．IEEE Transactions on Power Systems，2017，32(6)：4708-4720． doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2017.2682197
12	徐衍会，曹宇平．直驱风机网侧换流器引发次/超同步振荡机理研究[J]．电网技术，2018，42(5)：1556-1564．
	XU Y H， CAO Y P ．Research on mechanism of sub/sup-synchronous oscillation caused by GSC controller of direct-drive permanent magnetic synchronous generator[J]．Power System Technology，2018，42(5)：1556-1564．
13	易友川．直驱风电场接入弱交流电网的次同步振荡分析及抑制策略研究[D]．保定：华北电力大学，2021．
	YI Y C ．Sub-synchronous oscillation analysis and suppression strategy research of direct-driven wind farm connected to weak AC power grid[D]．Baoding：North China Electric Power University，2021．
14	杨霞．风电并网逆变器双闭环控制系统的研究[D]．天津：天津理工大学，2021．
	YANG X ．Research on double closed-loop control system of wind power grid-connected inverter[D]．Tianjin：Tianjin University of Technology，2021．
15	蔡维正，郭昆丽，刘璐雨，等．基于一阶LADRC控制的直驱风机次同步振荡抑制策略[J]．中国电力，2022，55(4)：175-184．
	CAI W Z， GUO K L， LIU L Y，et al ．Subsynchronous oscillation mitigation strategy based on first-order LADRC for direct-drive wind turbines[J]．Electric Power，2022，55(4)：175-184．
16	李博浩，郭昆丽，吕家君，等．弱电网下改进LADRC抑制直驱风机次同步振荡研究[J]．中国电力，2023，56(4)：56-67．
	LI B H， GUO K L， LÜ J J，et al ．Inhibition of subsynchronous oscillation of direct-drive wind turbine by improved LADRC in weak grids[J]．Electric Power，2023，56(4)：56-67．
17	郑国强．考虑频率耦合特性的并网逆变器阻抗特性与稳定性研究[D]．兰州：兰州理工大学，2021．
	ZHENG G Q ．Study on impedance characteristics and stability of grid-connected inverter considering frequency coupling characteristics[D]．Lanzhou：Lanzhou University of Technology，2021．
18	彭上．自抗扰并网逆变器宽频带阻抗建模与稳定性对比分析研究[D]．长沙：湖南大学，2020．
	PENG S ．Broadband impedance modeling and stability comparative analysis of ADRC grid-connected inverter[D]．Changsha：Hunan University，2020．
19	韩京清．自抗扰控制技术：估计补偿不确定因素的控制技术[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2008．
	HAN J Q ．Active disturbance rejection control technique[M]．Beijing：National Defense Industry Press，2008．
20	CAO Y， ZHAO Q， YE Y，et al ．ADRC-based current control for grid-tied inverters：design，analysis，and verification[J]．IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics，2019，67(10)：8428-8437． doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2949513
21	苏步芸，王诗超．新型电力系统背景下新能源送出合理消纳率研究[J]．南方能源建设，2023，10(6)：43-50．
	SU B Y， WANG S C ．Research on reasonable consumption rate of new energy transmission under the new power system[J]．Southern Energy Construction，2023，10(6)：43-50．
22	VIETO I， SUN J ．Sequence impedance modeling and converter-grid resonance analysis considering DC bus dynamics and mirrored harmonics[C]∥Proceedings of 2018 IEEE 19th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (CO-MPEL) ．Padua，Italy：IEEE，2018：1-8． doi:10.1109/compel.2018.8458498
23	李光辉，王伟胜，刘纯，等．直驱风电场接入弱电网宽频带振荡机理与抑制方法(一)：宽频带阻抗特性与振荡机理分析[J]．中国电机工程学报，2019，39(22)：6547-6561．
	LI G H， WANG W S， LIU C，et al ．Mechanism analysis and suppression method of wideband oscillation of PMSG wind farms connected to weak grid (part Ⅰ)：analysis of wideband impedance characteristics and oscillation mechanism[J]．Proceedings of the CSEE，2019，39(22)：6547-6561．
24	范丽霞，蔡瑞强，张欢畅，等．电压型虚拟同步发电机控制策略下的双馈风电机组阻抗及次同步振荡特性[J]．发电技术，2019，40(5)：434-439．
	FAN L X， CAI R Q， ZHANG H C，et al ．Impedance and sub-synchronous oscillation characteristics of doubly-fed induction generators with control strategy of voltage virtual synchronous generator[J]．Power Generation Technology，2019，40(5)：434-439．
25	COMMITTEE D ． IEEE guide for planning DC links terminating at AC locations having low short circuit capacities [S]．IEEE Standards，1997：1204-1227．
26	王亮，谢小荣，姜齐荣，等．大规模双馈风电场次同步谐振的分析与抑制[J]．电力系统自动化，2014，38(22)：26-31．
	WANG L， XIE X R， JIANG Q R，et al ．Analysis and mitigation of SSR problems in large-scale wind farms with doubly-fed wind turbines[J]．Automation of Electric Power Systems，2014，38(22)：26-31．

[1]	Chong ZHANG, Bo LI, Xiaoyu LI, Hongbo LIU, Yongfa LIU. A Frequency Regulation Method of Energy Storage System Based on Adaptive Adjustment of Virtual Synchronous Generator Control Parameters [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(4): 772-780.
[2]	Dan ZHOU, Zhi YUAN, Ji LI, Wei FAN. An Advanced Fuzzy Control Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Considering Smoothing of Wind Power Fluctuations at Future Moments [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(3): 412-422.
[3]	Junhui LI, Guohang CHEN, Teng MA, Cuiping LI, Xingxu ZHU, Chen JIA. Optimal Control Strategy of Peak Shaving of Flow Battery Energy Storage System Under High Wind Power Permeability [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(3): 434-447.
[4]	Fangfang WANG, Pengwei YANG, Guangjin ZHAO, Qi LI, Xiaona LIU, Shuangchen MA. Development and Challenge of Flexible Operation Technology of Thermal Power Units Under New Power System [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(2): 189-198.
[5]	Hongbo LIU, Yongfa LIU, Yang REN, Li SUN, Shencheng LIU. Energy Storage Configuration Considering the System Wind Power Reserve Capacity Under High Wind Power Permeability [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(2): 260-272.
[6]	Yixiang SHAO, Jian LIU, Liping HU, Liang GUO, Yuan FANG, Rui LI. Research on an Ultra-Short-Term Wind Speed Prediction Method Based on Improved Combined Neural Networks [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(2): 323-330.
[7]	Xinrong YAN, Ningning ZHANG, Kuichao MA, Chao WEI, Shuai YANG, Binbin PAN. Overview of Current Situation and Trend of Offshore Wind Power Development in China [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(1): 1-12.
[8]	Shuai XU, Yufei YANG, Ao GANG, Yuetao XIE, Xiaoming ZHANG, Gongpeng LIU. Research on Key Technologies and Industrial Chain Cooperation Paths of Floating Offshore Wind Power Between China and Europe [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(1): 13-23.
[9]	Caixin SUN, Bo ZHANG, Wei TANG, Yiming ZHOU, Mingzhi FU, Meng QIN, Xiaojiang GUO. Research and Practice on Localization of Offshore Wind Turbines [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(5): 696-702.
[10]	Wenhu JIA, Qunjie XU. Research Progress of Anti-Corrosion Technology for Offshore Wind Power Facilities [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(5): 703-711.
[11]	Jian YANG, Yu LIU, Kunpeng HUANG, Yazhou LUO, Siqing NIU, Wei WANG, Jiafei HUAN, Lei ZHANG, Pei ZHANG, Huawei LI. A Method for Estimating Available Power of Wind Farms by Considering the Power Generation Conditions and Station Losses [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(2): 235-243.
[12]	Shuai CHU, Aihua WANG, Weichun GE, Yinxuan LI, Dai CUI. Analytical Method for Power Grid Dispatching Centralized Thermal Storage to Reduce Wind Abandoned Rate [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(1): 18-24.
[13]	Yiming ZHOU, Shu YAN, Xin LIU, Bo ZHANG, Yutong GUO, Xiaojiang GUO. Summary of Offshore Wind Support Structure Integrated Design in China [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(1): 36-43.
[14]	Ronghui WU, Dong LIU, Ye YU, Kailong MU, Lanhao ZHAO. Two-Way Fluid-Structure Interaction Numerical Simulation Method for Offshore Wind Power Based on Immersed Boundary Method [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(1): 44-52.
[15]	Hui DONG, Weichun GE, Shitan ZHANG, Chuang LIU, Shuai CHU. Summary of Differences Between Hydrogen Production From Offshore Wind Power and Direct Outward Transmission of Electric Energy [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(6): 869-879.