发电技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 1121-1134.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23077
• 碳中和 • 上一篇
赵长红1,2, 张李琳1, 邵云姝3, 袁家海1,2, 邓祎璐1
收稿日期:
2023-12-17
修回日期:
2024-03-12
出版日期:
2024-12-31
发布日期:
2024-12-30
作者简介:
基金资助:
Changhong ZHAO1,2, Lilin ZHANG1, Yunshu SHAO3, Jiahai YUAN1,2, Yilu DENG1
Received:
2023-12-17
Revised:
2024-03-12
Published:
2024-12-31
Online:
2024-12-30
Supported by:
摘要:
目的 “双碳”目标提出后,电力行业加快推进低碳转型,发电企业纷纷将低碳转型纳入企业发展规划与战略当中。为探讨低碳转型目标承诺与执行成效的一致性,挖掘低碳转型效率的重要影响因素,研究了文本信息与低碳转型效率之间的内在联系。 方法 以2016—2022年31家发电上市公司作为研究对象,采用文本分析技术构建了低碳转型文本信息披露水平的衡量指标,利用双向固定效应的面板回归模型对低碳转型文本信息披露与低碳转型效率的关系进行了实证检验。 结果 发电上市公司低碳转型文本信息披露水平越高,碳排放强度越低,环境绩效表现越良好,即转型效率越高,公司的“言”“行”更加一致。此外,在会计信息披露质量较高、火电装机占比较低的公司中,低碳转型文本信息披露水平对低碳转型效率的影响效果与作用更加显著。 结论 发电上市公司应当提高低碳转型文本信息披露质量,发挥年报文本信息的监督管理作用,以推动低碳转型的发展,落实文本信息披露与转型效率的“言”“行”一致。
中图分类号:
赵长红, 张李琳, 邵云姝, 袁家海, 邓祎璐. 发电上市公司低碳信息披露与低碳转型效率研究[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(6): 1121-1134.
Changhong ZHAO, Lilin ZHANG, Yunshu SHAO, Jiahai YUAN, Yilu DENG. Research on Low Carbon Information Disclosure and Low Carbon Transition Efficiency of Listed Power Generation Companies[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(6): 1121-1134.
变量类型 | 指标 | 变量定义 |
---|---|---|
被解释变量 | CI | 碳排放强度,二氧化碳排放量/总营业收入,衡量环境绩效,即低碳转型效率 |
Technology | 低碳技术关键词比例,用于机制分析 | |
Energy | 低碳能源关键词比例,用于机制分析 | |
Transition | 转型发展关键词比例,用于机制分析 | |
New business | 新模式新业态关键词比例,用于机制分析 | |
Ce | 度电碳排放因子(carbon emission factor),碳排放量/总发电量,衡量环境绩效,替代解释低碳转型效率 | |
解释变量 | TTD | 低碳转型关键词占年报全文总词数的比例,衡量低碳转型文本信息披露水平 |
TTD1 | 低碳转型关键词总词数,替代解释低碳转型文本信息披露水平 | |
工具变量 | TTD_Ave | 低碳转型文本信息披露水平均值(transition text disclosure average,TTD_Ave) |
控制变量 | Size | 公司规模,总资产取对数 |
Lev | 资产负债率 | |
ROA | 总资产收益率 | |
Top1 | 第一大股东持股比例 | |
Idr | 独立董事占比 | |
Company | 企业虚拟变量,控制个体效应 | |
Year | 年度虚拟变量,控制时间效应 |
表1 变量定义
Tab. 1 Variable definition
变量类型 | 指标 | 变量定义 |
---|---|---|
被解释变量 | CI | 碳排放强度,二氧化碳排放量/总营业收入,衡量环境绩效,即低碳转型效率 |
Technology | 低碳技术关键词比例,用于机制分析 | |
Energy | 低碳能源关键词比例,用于机制分析 | |
Transition | 转型发展关键词比例,用于机制分析 | |
New business | 新模式新业态关键词比例,用于机制分析 | |
Ce | 度电碳排放因子(carbon emission factor),碳排放量/总发电量,衡量环境绩效,替代解释低碳转型效率 | |
解释变量 | TTD | 低碳转型关键词占年报全文总词数的比例,衡量低碳转型文本信息披露水平 |
TTD1 | 低碳转型关键词总词数,替代解释低碳转型文本信息披露水平 | |
工具变量 | TTD_Ave | 低碳转型文本信息披露水平均值(transition text disclosure average,TTD_Ave) |
控制变量 | Size | 公司规模,总资产取对数 |
Lev | 资产负债率 | |
ROA | 总资产收益率 | |
Top1 | 第一大股东持股比例 | |
Idr | 独立董事占比 | |
Company | 企业虚拟变量,控制个体效应 | |
Year | 年度虚拟变量,控制时间效应 |
变量 | 绝对值 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CI | 212 | 16.141 | 7.173 | 2.681 | 34.936 |
TTD | 212 | 19.098 | 5.922 | 6.901 | 43.026 |
Size | 212 | 6.366 | 1.192 | 2.758 | 8.522 |
Lev | 212 | 62.565 | 15.241 | 32.090 | 111.200 |
ROA | 212 | 1.288 | 3.400 | -13.780 | 9.160 |
Top1 | 212 | 47.137 | 15.246 | 16.210 | 75.610 |
Idr | 212 | 36.887 | 6.406 | 22.222 | 60.000 |
表2 主要变量描述性统计结果
Tab. 2 Descriptive statistics for main variables
变量 | 绝对值 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CI | 212 | 16.141 | 7.173 | 2.681 | 34.936 |
TTD | 212 | 19.098 | 5.922 | 6.901 | 43.026 |
Size | 212 | 6.366 | 1.192 | 2.758 | 8.522 |
Lev | 212 | 62.565 | 15.241 | 32.090 | 111.200 |
ROA | 212 | 1.288 | 3.400 | -13.780 | 9.160 |
Top1 | 212 | 47.137 | 15.246 | 16.210 | 75.610 |
Idr | 212 | 36.887 | 6.406 | 22.222 | 60.000 |
参数 | CI(1) | CI(2) |
---|---|---|
TTD | -0.315***(-4.30) | -0.188***(-2.65) |
Size | -4.491***(-4.21) | |
Lev | 0.060(1.41) | |
ROA | 0.337**(3.75) | |
Top1 | 0.058(1.14) | |
Idr | -0.034(-0.76) | |
Constant | 22.161***(15.68) | 42.621***(7.10) |
Adj.R2 | 0.093 | 0.263 |
N | 212 | 212 |
Company | 控制 | 控制 |
Year | 控制 | 控制 |
表3 发电上市公司信息披露与低碳转型效率
Tab. 3 Information disclosure and low carbon transition efficiency of listed power generation companies
参数 | CI(1) | CI(2) |
---|---|---|
TTD | -0.315***(-4.30) | -0.188***(-2.65) |
Size | -4.491***(-4.21) | |
Lev | 0.060(1.41) | |
ROA | 0.337**(3.75) | |
Top1 | 0.058(1.14) | |
Idr | -0.034(-0.76) | |
Constant | 22.161***(15.68) | 42.621***(7.10) |
Adj.R2 | 0.093 | 0.263 |
N | 212 | 212 |
Company | 控制 | 控制 |
Year | 控制 | 控制 |
参数 | 高信息质量CI(1) | 低信息质量CI(2) |
---|---|---|
组间系数差异检验(P值) | 4.59**(0.032) | |
TTD | -0.667***(-6.23) | -0.102(0.09) |
Size | -2.469***(-2.78) | -1.015(1.05) |
Lev | 0.218***(3.67) | -0.022(0.05) |
ROA | 0.451***(2.76) | 0.206*(0.11) |
Top1 | -0.009(-0.17) | 0.059(0.07) |
Idr | -0.023(0.37) | -0.109*(0.06) |
Constant | 31.987***(4.21) | 26.633***(6.98) |
Adj.R2 | 0.485 | 0.196 |
N | 104 | 108 |
Company | 控制 | 控制 |
Year | 控制 | 控制 |
表4 会计信息质量差异性分析
Tab. 4 Accounting information quality difference analysis
参数 | 高信息质量CI(1) | 低信息质量CI(2) |
---|---|---|
组间系数差异检验(P值) | 4.59**(0.032) | |
TTD | -0.667***(-6.23) | -0.102(0.09) |
Size | -2.469***(-2.78) | -1.015(1.05) |
Lev | 0.218***(3.67) | -0.022(0.05) |
ROA | 0.451***(2.76) | 0.206*(0.11) |
Top1 | -0.009(-0.17) | 0.059(0.07) |
Idr | -0.023(0.37) | -0.109*(0.06) |
Constant | 31.987***(4.21) | 26.633***(6.98) |
Adj.R2 | 0.485 | 0.196 |
N | 104 | 108 |
Company | 控制 | 控制 |
Year | 控制 | 控制 |
参数 | 100%火电CI(1) | 非100%火电CI(2) |
---|---|---|
TTD | -0.185(-1.51) | -0.172*(-1.93) |
Size | -5.538**(-2.44) | -3.979***(-3.23) |
Lev | 0.066(1.15) | 0.084(1.48) |
ROA | 0.312***(3.08) | 0.367***(2.91) |
Top1 | 0.100(1.35) | 0.028(0.44) |
Idr | -0.121(-1.66) | -0.011(-0.19) |
Constant | 46.016***(4.04) | 38.842***(5.29) |
Adj.R2 | 0.205 | 0.460 |
N | 55 | 157 |
Company | 控制 | 控制 |
Year | 控制 | 控制 |
表5 电源结构差异性分析
Tab. 5 Power supply structure difference analysis
参数 | 100%火电CI(1) | 非100%火电CI(2) |
---|---|---|
TTD | -0.185(-1.51) | -0.172*(-1.93) |
Size | -5.538**(-2.44) | -3.979***(-3.23) |
Lev | 0.066(1.15) | 0.084(1.48) |
ROA | 0.312***(3.08) | 0.367***(2.91) |
Top1 | 0.100(1.35) | 0.028(0.44) |
Idr | -0.121(-1.66) | -0.011(-0.19) |
Constant | 46.016***(4.04) | 38.842***(5.29) |
Adj.R2 | 0.205 | 0.460 |
N | 55 | 157 |
Company | 控制 | 控制 |
Year | 控制 | 控制 |
参数 | CI(1) | CI(2) | CI(3) | CI(4) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Technology | 0.712*** (3.21) | |||
Energy | -0.247*** (-3.14) | |||
Transition | -0.337 (-1.45) | |||
New business | -1.097** (-2.59) | |||
Size | -4.633*** (-4.47) | -4.635*** (-4.46) | -4.78*** (-4.39) | -4.094*** (-3.66) |
Lev | 0.068 (1.60) | 0.067 (1.59) | 0.051 (1.16) | 0.075* (1.74) |
ROA | 0.328*** (3.67) | 0.345*** (3.87) | 0.321*** (3.43) | 0.364*** (4.04) |
Top1 | 0.081 (1.58) | 0.078 (1.51) | 0.044 (0.83) | 0.053 (1.03) |
Idr | -0.032 (-0.70) | -0.033 (-0.73) | -0.037 (-0.80) | -0.037 (-0.81) |
Constant | 35.68*** (5.54) | 41.521*** (6.94) | 43.099*** (7.08) | 36.762*** (5.59) |
Adj.R2 | 0.276 | 0.274 | 0.242 | 0.262 |
N | 212 | 212 | 212 | 212 |
Company | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
Year | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
表6 低碳转型信息披露维度分析
Tab.6 Low carbon transition disclosure dimension analysis
参数 | CI(1) | CI(2) | CI(3) | CI(4) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Technology | 0.712*** (3.21) | |||
Energy | -0.247*** (-3.14) | |||
Transition | -0.337 (-1.45) | |||
New business | -1.097** (-2.59) | |||
Size | -4.633*** (-4.47) | -4.635*** (-4.46) | -4.78*** (-4.39) | -4.094*** (-3.66) |
Lev | 0.068 (1.60) | 0.067 (1.59) | 0.051 (1.16) | 0.075* (1.74) |
ROA | 0.328*** (3.67) | 0.345*** (3.87) | 0.321*** (3.43) | 0.364*** (4.04) |
Top1 | 0.081 (1.58) | 0.078 (1.51) | 0.044 (0.83) | 0.053 (1.03) |
Idr | -0.032 (-0.70) | -0.033 (-0.73) | -0.037 (-0.80) | -0.037 (-0.81) |
Constant | 35.68*** (5.54) | 41.521*** (6.94) | 43.099*** (7.08) | 36.762*** (5.59) |
Adj.R2 | 0.276 | 0.274 | 0.242 | 0.262 |
N | 212 | 212 | 212 | 212 |
Company | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
Year | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
参数 | CI(1) | Ce(2) | Ce(3) |
---|---|---|---|
TTD1 | -0.009***(-5.97) | -0.211***(-4.87) | |
TTD | -6.892***(-5.05) | ||
Size | -1.226(-1.05) | -35.792***(-5.27) | -15.782**(-1.98) |
Lev | 0.038(0.95) | 0.780(0.97) | 0.859(1.06) |
ROA | 0.203**(2.33) | -11.543***(-2.94) | -11.422***(-2.89) |
Top1 | 0.053(1.11) | 2.515***(4.57) | 1.801***(2.97) |
Idr | -0.025(-0.58) | 0.588(0.49) | 2.427 8(1.92) |
Constant | 23.791(3.67) | 914.101***(10.03) | 685.922***(10.20) |
Adj.R2 | 0.363 | 0.406 | 0.401 |
N | 212 | 212 | 212 |
Company | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
Year | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
表7 稳健性检验结果
Tab. 7 Robustness test results
参数 | CI(1) | Ce(2) | Ce(3) |
---|---|---|---|
TTD1 | -0.009***(-5.97) | -0.211***(-4.87) | |
TTD | -6.892***(-5.05) | ||
Size | -1.226(-1.05) | -35.792***(-5.27) | -15.782**(-1.98) |
Lev | 0.038(0.95) | 0.780(0.97) | 0.859(1.06) |
ROA | 0.203**(2.33) | -11.543***(-2.94) | -11.422***(-2.89) |
Top1 | 0.053(1.11) | 2.515***(4.57) | 1.801***(2.97) |
Idr | -0.025(-0.58) | 0.588(0.49) | 2.427 8(1.92) |
Constant | 23.791(3.67) | 914.101***(10.03) | 685.922***(10.20) |
Adj.R2 | 0.363 | 0.406 | 0.401 |
N | 212 | 212 | 212 |
Company | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
Year | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
参数 | 第一阶段TTD | 第二阶段CI |
---|---|---|
TTD | -1.694***(-3.03) | |
TTD_Ave | 0.585***(3.21) | |
Controls | YES | |
Company | YES | |
Year | YES | |
N | 212 | |
不可识别检验 | 10.06*** | |
一阶段F值 | 10.29 |
表8 工具变量回归结果
Tab.8 Instrumental variable regression results
参数 | 第一阶段TTD | 第二阶段CI |
---|---|---|
TTD | -1.694***(-3.03) | |
TTD_Ave | 0.585***(3.21) | |
Controls | YES | |
Company | YES | |
Year | YES | |
N | 212 | |
不可识别检验 | 10.06*** | |
一阶段F值 | 10.29 |
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