Exergoeconomic Research on Low-Carbon-Emission Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System Based on Heat Pump Technology

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.25331

Abstract

Abstract:

Objectives Under the background of the “dual-carbon” strategy and the global energy structure transition, achieving high-efficiency and low-carbon operation of conventional energy systems is a pressing challenge that needs to be overcome. To address this, an low-carbon-emission combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system coupled with heat pump (HP) technology is proposed. Methods A multi-stage waste heat recovery and temperature-zone coordinated matching mechanism is employed to optimize the energy cascade utilization pathway. A multi-dimensional evaluation model, covering thermodynamics, environmental friendliness, economic efficiency, and exergoeconomic performance, is established and compared with the performance of conventional systems. Results The results of economic analysis show that the heat-pump integration increases the unit power generation cost from 1.24 to 1.43 yuan/(kW⋅h), but reduces the unit capacity cost from 0.24 to 0.22 yuan/(kW⋅h), resulting in an overall improvement in energy efficiency. The sensitivity analysis results reveal that operating duration and interest rate have the greatest impact on costs. Exergoeconomic analysis indicates that the turbine, carbon capture and storage (CCS) system, and compressor contribute 67.019%, 17.107%, and 8.169% of the exergy loss, respectively, representing the core directions for future optimization. Conclusions These research findings provide a theoretical basis for the design and promotion of low-carbon-emission CCHP systems.

Key words: combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system, waste heat recovery, heat pump (HP) technology, carbon capture and storage (CCS), carbon emissions, thermodynamic analysis, environmental friendliness, exergoeconomic analysis

CLC Number:

TK 11

Chengxin LUO, Yanlong LÜ, Runbao LIU, Yurong XIE, Yuhao WANG, Feng LIU, Jun SUI. Exergoeconomic Research on Low-Carbon-Emission Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System Based on Heat Pump Technology[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(6): 1085-1096.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of low-carbon-emission CCHP system

Tab. 1 Thermodynamic model of each component in HP system

部件	热力学平衡方程
Com1	$W C o m 1 = m 28 (h 28 - h 27)$ $h 28 = h 27 + (h 28 s - h 27) / η s$
HX7	$Q H X 7 = m 7 (h 7 - h 8) = m 26 (h 27 - h 26)$
HX8	$Q H X 8 = m 23 (h 23 - h 24) = m 26 (h 26 - h 25)$
HX9	$Q H X 9 = m 28 (h 28 - h 29) = m 22 (h 22 - h 21)$
HX10	$Q H X 10 = m 29 (h 29 - h 28) = m 32 (h 32 - h 31)$

Tab. 1 Thermodynamic model of each component in HP system

部件	热力学平衡方程
Com1	$W C o m 1 = m 28 (h 28 - h 27)$ $h 28 = h 27 + (h 28 s - h 27) / η s$
HX7	$Q H X 7 = m 7 (h 7 - h 8) = m 26 (h 27 - h 26)$
HX8	$Q H X 8 = m 23 (h 23 - h 24) = m 26 (h 26 - h 25)$
HX9	$Q H X 9 = m 28 (h 28 - h 29) = m 22 (h 22 - h 21)$
HX10	$Q H X 10 = m 29 (h 29 - h 28) = m 32 (h 32 - h 31)$

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of reference CCHP system

Tab. 2 Main design parameters of each component in low-carbon-emission CCHP system

子系统	部件	主要参数
蒸汽发电系统	CC	压力100 kPa；温度1 878 ℃
	HX1	冷流股出口温度：90 ℃
	HX2	冷流股出口温度：1 000 ℃
	HX11	热流股出口温度：95 ℃
	HX12	冷流股出口温度：90 ℃
	Tur1	排放压力40 kPa；等熵效率90%
	Pump1	排放压力2 500 kPa；泵效率90%
HP系统	HX7	热流股出口温度：40 ℃
	HX9	热流股出口温度：80 ℃
	HX10	热流股出口温度：27 ℃
	Com1	出口压力2 400 kPa；等熵效率90%
CCS系统	Abs1	塔板数15；压力100 kPa
	HX8	换热器负荷：118.88 kW
	HX13	热进口-冷出口温差：15 ℃
	Des1	塔板数10；压力200 kPa
吸收式制冷系统	HX3	热流股出口温度：45 ℃
	HX4	热流股出口温度：9 ℃
	HX5	热流股出口温度：80 ℃
	HX6	热流股出口温度：40 ℃
	Gen1	温度99.47 ℃；压力9.6 kPa
	Pump2	出口压力9.6 kPa；泵效率90%

Tab. 3 Assessment objects of LCA

阶段	部件	参数	数值
生产	CC	额定产热量/kW	4 828.94
	CCS	CO₂处理量/kg	742.50
	HX	换热量/kW	10 446.67
	Tur	做功量/kW	540.86
	Com	功耗/kW	278.85
运行	CC	产热量/kW	4 828.94
	CC	运行时间/h	90 000.00
	HX	换热量/kW	10 446.67
	Com	功耗/kW	278.85

Tab. 4 Cost equations for each component in system

部件	成本方程	来源
Pump	$Z P u m p = 25 488 × W P u m p 0.7$	文献[23]
Gen	$Z G e n = 126 000 × (A G e n 100) 0.6$	文献[24]
Com	$Z C o m = 659 246.4 × (W C o m 455) 0.67$	文献[25]
HX	$Z H X = 47.045 × Q H X$	文献[26]
CC	$Z C C = 258.656 ⋅ m a i r ⋅ 1 + e 0.015 ⋅ (T o u t - 1 540) 1 540 - P o u t / P i n$	文献[27]
CCS	$Z C C S = 0.504 × m C O 2, C a p t u r e$	文献[28]
Tur	$Z T u r = W T u r (9 493.2 - 707.962 l n W T u r)$	文献[27]

Tab. 4 Cost equations for each component in system

部件	成本方程	来源
Pump	$Z P u m p = 25 488 × W P u m p 0.7$	文献[23]
Gen	$Z G e n = 126 000 × (A G e n 100) 0.6$	文献[24]
Com	$Z C o m = 659 246.4 × (W C o m 455) 0.67$	文献[25]
HX	$Z H X = 47.045 × Q H X$	文献[26]
CC	$Z C C = 258.656 ⋅ m a i r ⋅ 1 + e 0.015 ⋅ (T o u t - 1 540) 1 540 - P o u t / P i n$	文献[27]
CCS	$Z C C S = 0.504 × m C O 2, C a p t u r e$	文献[28]
Tur	$Z T u r = W T u r (9 493.2 - 707.962 l n W T u r)$	文献[27]

Tab. 5 Exergoeconomic balance equations and auxiliary equations for each component

部件	㶲经济平衡方程	辅助方程
HX1	$C 12 E x 12 - C 13 E x 13 + C H X 1 = C 4 E x 4 - C 3 E x 3$	$c 12 = c 13$
HX2	$C 5 E x 5 - C 6 E x 6 + C H X 2 = C 11 E x 11 - C 10 E x 10$	$c 5 = c 6$
HX3	$C 34 E x 34 - C 35 E x 35 + C H X 3 = C 49 E x 49 - C 48 E x 48$	$c 34 = c 35$
HX4	$C 45 E x 45 - C 46 E x 46 + C H X 4 = C 37 E x 37 - C 36 E x 36$	$c 45 = c 46$
HX5	$C 38 E x 38 - C 39 E x 39 + C H X 5 = C 44 E x 44 - C 43 E x 43$	$c 38 = c 39$
HX6	$C 41 E x 41 - C 42 E x 42 + C H X 6 = C 48 E x 48 - C 47 E x 47$	$c 41 = c 42$
HX7	$C 7 E x 7 - C 8 E x 8 + C H X 7 = C 27 E x 27 - C 26 E x 26$	$c 7 = c 8$
HX8	$C 23 E x 23 - C 24 E x 24 + C H X 8 = C 26 E x 26 - C 25 E x 25$	$c 23 = c 24$
HX9	$C 29 E x 29 - C 30 E x 30 + C H X 9 = C 32 E x 32 - C 31 E x 31$	$c 29 = c 30$
Mix	$C 1 E x 1 + C 2 E x 2 + C M i x = C 3 E x 3$ $C 37 E x 37 + C 40 E x 40 + C M i x = C 41 E x 41$ $C 33 E x 33 + C 49 E x 49 + C M i x = C 50 E x 50$	$c 2 = c 3$ ， $c 40 = c 41$ $c 33 + c 49 = c 50$ $c S e p = c M i x = 0$
Gen	$C 6 E x 6 + C 7 E x 7 + C 44 E x 44 + C G e n = C 34 E x 34 + C 38 E x 38$	$c 6 = c 7$
Tur	$C 11 E x 11 + C T u r = C 12 E x 12 + c e l e E x e l e$	$c 11 = c 12$ ， $c e = 0.49$
CC	$C 4 E x 4 + C C C = C 5 E x 5$	$c 4 = c 1 + c 2$
CCS	$C 16 E x 16 + C 8 E x 8 + C C C S + C 32 E x 32 - C 33 E x 33 + C 13 E x 13 - C 14 E x 14 = C 9 E x 9 + C 21 E x 21 + C 23 E x 23 - C 24 E x 24$	$c 32 = c 33$ ， $c 13 = c 14$ ， $c 23 = c 24$

Tab. 5 Exergoeconomic balance equations and auxiliary equations for each component

部件	㶲经济平衡方程	辅助方程
HX1	$C 12 E x 12 - C 13 E x 13 + C H X 1 = C 4 E x 4 - C 3 E x 3$	$c 12 = c 13$
HX2	$C 5 E x 5 - C 6 E x 6 + C H X 2 = C 11 E x 11 - C 10 E x 10$	$c 5 = c 6$
HX3	$C 34 E x 34 - C 35 E x 35 + C H X 3 = C 49 E x 49 - C 48 E x 48$	$c 34 = c 35$
HX4	$C 45 E x 45 - C 46 E x 46 + C H X 4 = C 37 E x 37 - C 36 E x 36$	$c 45 = c 46$
HX5	$C 38 E x 38 - C 39 E x 39 + C H X 5 = C 44 E x 44 - C 43 E x 43$	$c 38 = c 39$
HX6	$C 41 E x 41 - C 42 E x 42 + C H X 6 = C 48 E x 48 - C 47 E x 47$	$c 41 = c 42$
HX7	$C 7 E x 7 - C 8 E x 8 + C H X 7 = C 27 E x 27 - C 26 E x 26$	$c 7 = c 8$
HX8	$C 23 E x 23 - C 24 E x 24 + C H X 8 = C 26 E x 26 - C 25 E x 25$	$c 23 = c 24$
HX9	$C 29 E x 29 - C 30 E x 30 + C H X 9 = C 32 E x 32 - C 31 E x 31$	$c 29 = c 30$
Mix	$C 1 E x 1 + C 2 E x 2 + C M i x = C 3 E x 3$ $C 37 E x 37 + C 40 E x 40 + C M i x = C 41 E x 41$ $C 33 E x 33 + C 49 E x 49 + C M i x = C 50 E x 50$	$c 2 = c 3$ ， $c 40 = c 41$ $c 33 + c 49 = c 50$ $c S e p = c M i x = 0$
Gen	$C 6 E x 6 + C 7 E x 7 + C 44 E x 44 + C G e n = C 34 E x 34 + C 38 E x 38$	$c 6 = c 7$
Tur	$C 11 E x 11 + C T u r = C 12 E x 12 + c e l e E x e l e$	$c 11 = c 12$ ， $c e = 0.49$
CC	$C 4 E x 4 + C C C = C 5 E x 5$	$c 4 = c 1 + c 2$
CCS	$C 16 E x 16 + C 8 E x 8 + C C C S + C 32 E x 32 - C 33 E x 33 + C 13 E x 13 - C 14 E x 14 = C 9 E x 9 + C 21 E x 21 + C 23 E x 23 - C 24 E x 24$	$c 32 = c 33$ ， $c 13 = c 14$ ， $c 23 = c 24$

Tab. 6 Thermodynamic analysis results of system

指标	设计系统	参比系统
输入热量/kW	4 951.71	4 951.71
碳捕集耗能/kW	1 039.27	1 039.27
热泵COP	2.72	—
发电量/kW	540.86	820.99
制冷量/kW	964.01	828.19
制热量/kW	3 137.84	2 352.30
余热回收率/%	89.85	73.59
热效率/%	81.22	74.24
㶲损失/kW	3 205.36	3 387.89
㶲效率/%	65.07	53.95

Tab. 7 LCA results of designed system

指标	生产	运行
AP/(×10³ kg SO^2- Equiv)	0.327 7	4.219 8
GWP/(×10⁷ kg CO₂ Equiv)	0.004 2	2.588 5
FAETP/(×10⁵ kg 1， 4-DCB Equiv)	1.195 4	0.011 8
MAETP/(×10⁸ kg 1， 4-DCB Equiv)	1.390 9	0.000 4
TETP/(×10² kg 1，4-DCB Equiv)	3.338 0	4.393 1
ADP/(×10⁵ MJ)	4.659 2	0.000 1
EP/(×10² kg PO₄ Equiv)	0.136 3	1.080 3
HTP/(×10⁵ kg 1，4-DCB Equiv)	0.266 1	2.998 8

Tab. 8 The cost contribution of each component

部件	成本/元	非能量成本率/(元/h)
合计	5 881 644.72	202.74
CC	130 298.40	4.49
Tur	3 893 486.40	134.21
HX1	5 775.84	0.20
HX2	121 039.20	4.17
HX3	56 455.20	1.95
HX4	45 352.80	1.56
HX5	7 163.28	0.25
HX6	57 592.80	1.99
HX7	18 194.40	0.63
HX8	5 263.20	0.18
HX9	24 991.20	0.86
HX10	10 692.00	0.37
Com1	474 652.80	16.36
Gen	36 871.20	1.27
CCS	993 816.00	34.26

Tab. 9 Comparison of the total economic cost of systems

系统	投资成本	燃料成本	环境成本	总成本
设计系统	28.16	114.82	1.35	144.33
参比系统	25.48	114.82	1.35	141.65

Tab. 10 Economic comparison of systems

指标	设计系统	参比系统
$c e n e$ /[元/(kW∙h)]	0.22	0.24
$c e l e$ /[元/(kW∙h)]	1.43	1.24

Tab. 10 Economic comparison of systems

指标	设计系统	参比系统
$c e n e$ /[元/(kW∙h)]	0.22	0.24
$c e l e$ /[元/(kW∙h)]	1.43	1.24

Fig. 3 Impact of economic parameters on system cost

Fig. 4 Exergy cost flow diagram of low-carbon-emission CCHP system

Fig. 5 Exergoeconomic loss of each component

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