Comparison of Characteristics and Exergoeconomic Between Hydrogen and Natural Gas-Fueled Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24136

Abstract

Abstract:

Objectives The natural gas-fueled compressed air energy storage (CAES) system presents environmental pollution challenges, and replacing natural gas with hydrogen as fuel cannot cause greenhouse gas emissions. However, there is currently insufficient understanding of the technical and economic feasibility of the hydrogen-fueled CAES system, so it is necessary to carry out relevant research. Methods Based on exergy and exergoeconomic analysis methods, a comparative analysis is conducted on the thermodynamic performance, distribution of irreversible losses, economic factors, and exergoeconomic performance of the hydrogen and natural gas fueled CAES systems. In addition, the sensitivity of two parameters is also discussed. Results The hydrogen-fueled CAES system outperforms the natural gas-fueled CAES system in terms of discharge time, energy storage density, and exergy efficiency. Due to the higher cost of hydrogen compared with natural gas, the levelized cost per unit exergy of the product for the hydrogen-fueled CAES system is $155.62/GJ, significantly higher than the corresponding cost of $27.57/GJ for the natural gas-fueled CAES system. In order to align the investment payback period of the hydrogen-fueled CAES system with the commercial competitiveness of the natural gas-fueled CAES system, the recommended selling price for electricity should reach $0.206 2/(kW⋅h). Additionally, the hydrogen-fueled CAES system is more sensitive to parameter changes and can achieve better performance improvement and cost reduction under high parameter conditions. Conclusions The research results reveal the potential applications of the hydrogen-fueled CAES system and provide a technical reference for its further commercial promotion.

Key words: energy storage, hydrogen fuel, compressed air energy storage (CAES), exergoeconomic analysis, sensitivity analysis

CLC Number:

TK 91

Ning MA, Pan ZHAO, Aijie LIU, Wenpan XU, Jiangfeng WANG. Comparison of Characteristics and Exergoeconomic Between Hydrogen and Natural Gas-Fueled Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(5): 885-896.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of compressed air energy storage system

Tab. 1 Parameters related to economic analysis

参数	数值
高峰电价/[美元/(kW⋅h)]	0.118
低谷电价/[美元/(kW⋅h)]	0.035
热水价格/[美元/(kW⋅h)]	0.022
氢气价格/(美元/GJ)	30.638
天然气价格/(美元/GJ)	6.157
CO₂排放成本/(美元/kg)	0.024
年工作时间/d	350
平均年利率/%	12
电厂运行年限/a	25
贴现率/%	10
通货膨胀率/%	5
实际利率/%	3
运行维护系数	1.06

Tab. 2 System parameter setting

参数	数值
理想气体常数/[J/(mol⋅K)]	8.314
环境温度/K	298.15
环境压力/MPa	0.1
透平效率/%	90
高压透平入口温度/K	823
低压透平入口温度/K	1 023
高压透平膨胀比	3.82
低压透平膨胀比	10.86
透平机组额定功率/MW	290
压缩机效率/%	88
压缩机压比	8.43
压缩机组额定功率/MW	60
储气洞穴温度/K	298.15
储气洞穴压力/MPa	4.2~7.2
储气洞穴容积/m³	180 000
冷却水温/K	293.15
机械效率/%	97
甲烷热值/(kJ/kg)	50 179
氢气热值/(kJ/kg)	120 994

Tab. 3 Performance comparison between natural gas and hydrogen-fueled CAES systems

性能指标	天然气型	纯氢型
燃料消耗量/t	97.23	40.21
充电时间/h	17.26	17.26
放电时间/h	4.25	4.32
储能密度/(kW⋅h/m³)	6.87	6.95
㶲效率/%	53.41	55.04
产热平均㶲成本/(美元/GJ)	20.58	20.89
发电平均㶲成本/(美元/GJ)	30.64	210.69
产品平均㶲成本/(美元/GJ)	27.57	155.62
CO₂排放量/t	14.08	0

Fig. 2 Exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of each component of natural gas and hydrogen-fueled CAES systems

Tab. 4 The investment costs for natural gas and hydrogen-fueled CAES systems

参数	天然气型	纯氢型
总投资成本/万美元	1 380	1 375
运行维护成本/万美元	2 071	2 063
购电成本/万美元	3 172	3 172
燃料成本/万美元	2 628	13 044
环境惩罚成本/万美元	564	0
生命周期总成本/万美元	9 815	19 654

Fig. 3 Influence of electricity sale price on the payback period and net present value of hydrogen-fueled CAES system

Tab. 5 Exergoeconomic analysis of various components in natural gas-fueled CAES system

部件	c_f_{, i} /(美元/GJ)	c_p_{, i} /(美元/GJ)	$C ˙ D,$ _i /(美元/h)	$Z ˙ i$ /(美元/h)	$C ˙ D, i$ + $Z ˙ i$ /(美元/h)	f_i
低压压缩机	9.72	13.81	95.25	300.03	395.28	75.90
高压压缩机	11.26	13.75	111.90	300.03	411.93	72.84
间冷器	13.81	17.70	288.38	6.67	295.04	2.26
后冷器	13.75	16.00	319.50	6.51	326.01	2.00
空气洞穴	13.75	5.79	0	1 286.39	1 286.39	100
热水罐	46.33	22.78	0	0.06	0.06	100
冷水罐	0	0	0	0.06	0.06	100
节流阀	5.79	6.63	389.22	5.61	394.84	1.42
回热器1	7.21	7.62	160.50	133.64	294.14	45.43
回热器2	6.56	6.73	12.48	66.82	79.30	84.26
燃烧室1	6.94	8.43	1 329.15	3.78	1 332.93	0.28
燃烧室2	7.03	8.09	1 151.23	3.80	1 155.03	0.33
高压透平	8.43	10.50	261.96	1 393.11	1 655.07	84.17
低压透平	8.09	11.73	506.56	790.28	1 296.83	60.94

Tab. 5 Exergoeconomic analysis of various components in natural gas-fueled CAES system

部件	c_f_{, i} /(美元/GJ)	c_p_{, i} /(美元/GJ)	$C ˙ D,$ _i /(美元/h)	$Z ˙ i$ /(美元/h)	$C ˙ D, i$ + $Z ˙ i$ /(美元/h)	f_i
低压压缩机	9.72	13.81	95.25	300.03	395.28	75.90
高压压缩机	11.26	13.75	111.90	300.03	411.93	72.84
间冷器	13.81	17.70	288.38	6.67	295.04	2.26
后冷器	13.75	16.00	319.50	6.51	326.01	2.00
空气洞穴	13.75	5.79	0	1 286.39	1 286.39	100
热水罐	46.33	22.78	0	0.06	0.06	100
冷水罐	0	0	0	0.06	0.06	100
节流阀	5.79	6.63	389.22	5.61	394.84	1.42
回热器1	7.21	7.62	160.50	133.64	294.14	45.43
回热器2	6.56	6.73	12.48	66.82	79.30	84.26
燃烧室1	6.94	8.43	1 329.15	3.78	1 332.93	0.28
燃烧室2	7.03	8.09	1 151.23	3.80	1 155.03	0.33
高压透平	8.43	10.50	261.96	1 393.11	1 655.07	84.17
低压透平	8.09	11.73	506.56	790.28	1 296.83	60.94

Tab. 6 Exergoeconomic analysis of various components in hydrogen-fueled CAES system

部件	c_f_{, i} /(美元/GJ)	c_p_{, i} /(美元/GJ)	$C ˙ D,$ _i /(美元/h)	$Z ˙ i$ /(美元/h)	$C ˙ D, i$ + $Z ˙ i$ /(美元/h)	f_i
低压压缩机	9.72	13.81	95.25	300.03	395.28	75.90
高压压缩机	11.26	13.75	111.90	300.03	411.93	72.84
间冷器	13.81	17.70	288.38	6.67	295.04	2.26
后冷器	13.75	16.00	319.50	6.51	326.01	2.00
空气洞穴	13.75	5.87	0	1 282.61	1 282.61	100
热水罐	46.33	23.12	0	0.06	0.06	100
冷水罐	0	0	0	0.06	0.06	100
节流阀	5.87	6.72	388.75	5.45	394.20	1.38
回热器1	15.71	16.39	337.80	134.31	472.11	28.45
回热器2	6.65	6.82	12.46	65.56	78.02	84.03
燃烧室1	20.45	24.62	3 218.92	3.67	3 222.58	0.11
燃烧室2	28.32	32.47	3 352.87	3.68	3 356.54	0.11
高压透平	24.62	27.28	758.53	1 347.88	2 106.41	63.99
低压透平	32.47	46.24	2 041.47	760.32	2 801.79	27.14

Tab. 6 Exergoeconomic analysis of various components in hydrogen-fueled CAES system

部件	c_f_{, i} /(美元/GJ)	c_p_{, i} /(美元/GJ)	$C ˙ D,$ _i /(美元/h)	$Z ˙ i$ /(美元/h)	$C ˙ D, i$ + $Z ˙ i$ /(美元/h)	f_i
低压压缩机	9.72	13.81	95.25	300.03	395.28	75.90
高压压缩机	11.26	13.75	111.90	300.03	411.93	72.84
间冷器	13.81	17.70	288.38	6.67	295.04	2.26
后冷器	13.75	16.00	319.50	6.51	326.01	2.00
空气洞穴	13.75	5.87	0	1 282.61	1 282.61	100
热水罐	46.33	23.12	0	0.06	0.06	100
冷水罐	0	0	0	0.06	0.06	100
节流阀	5.87	6.72	388.75	5.45	394.20	1.38
回热器1	15.71	16.39	337.80	134.31	472.11	28.45
回热器2	6.65	6.82	12.46	65.56	78.02	84.03
燃烧室1	20.45	24.62	3 218.92	3.67	3 222.58	0.11
燃烧室2	28.32	32.47	3 352.87	3.68	3 356.54	0.11
高压透平	24.62	27.28	758.53	1 347.88	2 106.41	63.99
低压透平	32.47	46.24	2 041.47	760.32	2 801.79	27.14

Fig. 4 The effect of parameters change on the performance evaluation indicators of CAES systems

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