Research Progress of Materials for Direct Capture of CO2 From Ambient Air

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22073

Abstract

Abstract:

Global climate change is the biggest threat to the sustainable development of human, and controlling CO₂ emissions is a major measure to deal with climate change. As a negative emission technology, the direct air capture (DAC) can capture CO₂ emitted from distributed sources, such as transportation, agriculture, forestry, and construction industries. The performance and cost of DAC materials are the most important factors that determine the widespread application of DAC technology. This paper reviewed the current research and development status of DAC materials. The performances, advantages and disadvantages of chemical absorption materials, chemical adsorption materials, physisorption materials and multifunctional carbon capture materials were summarized. The techno-economic analysis of different DAC materials was carried out. It is pointed out that the development of carbon capture materials with low cost, high capacity, high selectivity, and high stability is the key to realize the large-scale application of DAC technology.

Key words: carbon capture, direct air capture (DAC), chemical absorption, physisorption, dual function material (DFM), moisture swing adsorption (MSA)

CLC Number:

TK 09

Huanjun WANG, Niu LIU, Zhaofang ZHENG, Xia XING, Shiwang GAO, Lianbo LIU, Hongwei NIU, Dongfang GUO. Research Progress of Materials for Direct Capture of CO₂ From Ambient Air[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(4): 533-543.

Figures/Tables 12

References 62

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吸收剂	吸收容量/(mg/g)	优缺点	文献
碱性溶液：NaOH+Na₂O⋅3TiO₂	21(NaOH浓度为5 mol/L)	能耗较低，有效传热要求高	[2-3]
胺溶液：伯胺、仲胺和叔胺	55.7(2-甲氨基乙醇)	有毒，易挥发，腐蚀性较高	[4]
胺溶液：吡咯里西啶基二胺的PEG200溶液	50(压缩空气)	性能较好，制备成本较高	[5]
液态氨基酸盐水凝胶颗粒	42.4	无毒，蒸发损失极小，化学和热稳定性好，速率较慢	[6]

吸收剂	吸收容量/(mg/g)	优缺点	文献
碱性溶液：NaOH+Na₂O⋅3TiO₂	21(NaOH浓度为5 mol/L)	能耗较低，有效传热要求高	[2-3]
胺溶液：伯胺、仲胺和叔胺	55.7(2-甲氨基乙醇)	有毒，易挥发，腐蚀性较高	[4]
胺溶液：吡咯里西啶基二胺的PEG200溶液	50(压缩空气)	性能较好，制备成本较高	[5]
液态氨基酸盐水凝胶颗粒	42.4	无毒，蒸发损失极小，化学和热稳定性好，速率较慢	[6]

吸附剂	性能指标	优缺点	文献
CaO和Ca(OH)₂	可使质量浓度为500 mg/L CO₂下降44 %	对CO₂的吸附速率快，但再生温度高达875 ℃，能耗高于液相吸收法	[9-11]
K₂CO₃/γ-Al₂O₃	0.64~0.68 mmol/g	稳定性高，但是再生温度较高(250~300 ℃)；制备过程温度较高，需要在200 ℃下干燥	[12]
CaO-MgO复合金属氧化物掺杂多孔碳	干燥条件下捕集容量达到 0.28 mmol/g	在水蒸气条件下生成的CaCO₃促进CO₂吸附，制备温度较高(850~ 1 000 ℃)，且再生能耗较高	[13]
K₂CO₃/活性炭	CO₂体积分数为5.0×10^-3，吸附容量为0.87 mmol/g	再生温度(100~200 ℃)较低，但制备时需要300 ℃高温碳化	[14]

吸附剂	性能指标	优缺点	文献
CaO和Ca(OH)₂	可使质量浓度为500 mg/L CO₂下降44 %	对CO₂的吸附速率快，但再生温度高达875 ℃，能耗高于液相吸收法	[9-11]
K₂CO₃/γ-Al₂O₃	0.64~0.68 mmol/g	稳定性高，但是再生温度较高(250~300 ℃)；制备过程温度较高，需要在200 ℃下干燥	[12]
CaO-MgO复合金属氧化物掺杂多孔碳	干燥条件下捕集容量达到 0.28 mmol/g	在水蒸气条件下生成的CaCO₃促进CO₂吸附，制备温度较高(850~ 1 000 ℃)，且再生能耗较高	[13]
K₂CO₃/活性炭	CO₂体积分数为5.0×10^-3，吸附容量为0.87 mmol/g	再生温度(100~200 ℃)较低，但制备时需要300 ℃高温碳化	[14]

吸附剂	测试环境	吸附容量/(mmol/g)	优缺点	文献
聚烯丙基胺/介孔SiO₂泡沫	环境空气	1.74	性能较好，制备方法较复杂，聚丙烯基胺需后续合成	[16]
聚乙烯亚胺/介孔γ-Al₂O₃	环境空气	1.33	吸附容量、循环稳定性较好，制备方法较复杂	[17]
聚乙烯亚胺/介孔碳	CO₂体积分数为 5.0×10^-3(4.0×10^-4)	3.34(2.25)	吸附性能好，水分促进对CO₂的吸附，介孔碳合成较复杂	[18]
聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)/SiO₂	环境压力下纯CO₂	低分子量PEI，2.61~3.77；高分子量PEI，2.00~3.23	低分子量PEI吸附性较好，稳定性较差；高分子量PEI吸附性较差，但稳定性较好	[19]
3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷/SiO₂和正钛酸四乙酯修饰后的聚乙烯亚胺/SiO₂	环境空气	2.00	循环实验中有优异的稳定性，制备方法较复杂	[20]
聚乙烯亚胺/气相SiO₂	湿度为67% 环境空气	1.74	制备方法较简单，捕集性能较高，多次吸附脱附，干燥和潮湿的环境中使用	[21]
聚乙烯亚胺/介孔分子筛SBA-15	环境空气	0.77	制备方法较简单，捕集性能待提高	[22]
聚乙烯亚胺/非极性树脂(HP20)	环境空气	2.26	吸附容量高，速率快，未考虑水分的影响	[23]

Research Progress of Materials for Direct Capture of CO₂ From Ambient Air

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吸附剂	测试环境	吸附容量/(mmol/g)	优缺点	文献
三胺接枝介孔SiO₂	温度为25 ℃， CO₂体积分数为4.0×10^-4	0.98	吸附性能较好，速率快，稳定性好，选择性高	[24]
二胺肼接枝金属有机骨架Mg₂(dobdc)	温度为25 ℃， CO₂体积分数为4.0×10^-4	3.89	合成难度，比乙二胺接枝后吸附容量有所提高	[25]
三胺接枝介孔分子筛SBA-15	CO₂体积分数为5.0×10^-2	1.88	制备方法较简单，低温吸附速率较差	[26]
3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷接枝介孔Al₂O₃	CO₂体积分数为4.0×10^-4	0.15~0.75	比SiO₂载体更耐水，制备复杂，吸附性能较低	[27]
N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷接枝到冷冻干燥纳米纤维化纤维素	温度为25 ℃， CO₂体积分数5.06×10^-4，相对湿度为40%	初始吸附容量为1.39， 20次吸/脱附循环为0.695	合成方法较为简便，但循环捕集能力有待提高	[28]
二乙烯三胺接枝多孔聚合物网络	CO₂体积分数为4.0×10^-4	1.04	制备复杂且成本高，吸附容量仍有待提高	[29]
乙二胺接枝金属有机骨架Mg₂(dobpdc)	温度为25 ℃， CO₂体积分数为3.9×10^-4	2.83	合成难度适中，吸附容量较高	[30]
烷基胺接枝金属有机骨架Cr-MIL-101-SO₃H	压强为40 Pa，温度为20 ℃	1.12	原料成本低，工艺简单，具有大规模应用潜力	[31]

吸附剂	性能指标	优缺点	文献
季铵盐官能团接枝介孔聚合物	吸附量为0.26 mmol/g	吸附速率快，但制备方法较复杂，CO₂吸附性能较低	[35]
胺基阴离子交换树脂分散于聚丙烯薄片	环境空气(CO₂体积分数为4.0×10^-4，25 ℃)下，吸附容量达到0.82 mmol/g	季铵盐阳离子在干燥时吸附CO₂，潮湿时释放CO₂，吸附性能较好，制备方法难度一般	[36]
离子交换树脂(IER-PO₄)	在25 ℃条件下，吸附容量达到0.55 mmol/g	作用机理与传统IER-CO₃型树脂不同，CO₂吸附性能是 IER-CO₃型的1.8倍	[37]
竹纤维季铵化材料	在相对湿度为60%~80%时，吸附效率达到0.65	抗氧化性能良好，制备成本较低，但相对湿度较高时 CO₂吸附容量显著下降	[38]

吸附剂	环境空气		干燥空气
吸附剂	对CO₂吸附容量/(mmol/g)	对H₂O吸附容量/(mmol/g)	对CO₂吸附容量/(mmol/g)
Zeolite 13X	0.03	8.11	3.18
Mg-MOF-74	0.14	9.50	5.34
HKUST-1	0.05	9.89	1.59
SIFSIX-3-Ni	0.18	5.17	2.48

DAC技术	捕集量/(万t/a)	年份	捕集1 t CO₂成本/欧元	文献
碱性溶液	28	2005	376	[54]
	100	—	258	[55]
	100	2013	283~300	[56]
	100	2018	115~117	[2]
	100	2020	186	[57]
固体吸附剂	0.03	2014	75	[57]
固体吸附剂	36	2020	155	[57]
变湿吸附	0.036 5	2009	144	[58]
变湿吸附	—	远期	23	[58]

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