Research on Immersion Cooling Thermal Management of Lithium Ion Battery Combined With Checkerboard Topology Diversion Structure

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.20111

Abstract

Abstract:

In view of the thermal management of power batteries, the new liquid-cooling structure of 18650 cylindrical lithium ion battery array and its cooling effect were studied. An immersion cooling method combined with a checkerboard topology shunt structure was proposed. And by combining the shape and array arrangement of the lithium ion battery, a simple and reasonable immersion cooling topology based on the battery array was formed. Under this new cooling structure, the single model and module model of the battery array were established. Through the numerical simulation, the temperature distribution of the single and module models at every moment was analyzed, and the feasibility of replacing the module model with the single one was verified. On the basis of ensuring the calculation accuracy of the single model, numerical simulations on the layout of the inlet and outlet of the cooling channel were carried out. The results show that the same-side arrangement and the different-side one are almost the same in the pressure drop, but the same-side arrangement is superior to the different-side arrangement in terms of cooling effect. Moreover, with the increase of the heat generation of the battery and the extension of the heating time, the advantages of the arrangement of the inlets and outlets on the same side are more obvious.

Key words: lithium ion battery, thermal management, manifold, immersion cooling, numerical simulation

CLC Number:

TK124
TM912

Qian LIU, Qianlei SHI, Kaixuan LI, Chao XU, Zhirong LIAO, Xing JU. Research on Immersion Cooling Thermal Management of Lithium Ion Battery Combined With Checkerboard Topology Diversion Structure[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(2): 218-229.

Figures/Tables 24

Fig.1 Layered diagram of cooling appearance of battery array

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of cooling channel

Fig.3 Three-dimensional diagram of grid cooling channel of battery array

Tab. 1 Design dimensions for each layer of battery cooling structure

结构名称	尺寸
盖板和歧管层厚度/mm	7
冷却液横向流入通道截面尺寸/(mm×mm)	5×5
阳极绝缘/棋盘孔口层厚度/mm	1
电池直径/mm	18
电池高度/mm	65
浸没冷却区高度/mm	65
阴极绝缘/棋盘孔口层厚度/mm	1
出口歧管和底板层厚度/mm	7

Tab. 2 Relationship between volume heat generation rate and discharge rate

项目	生热量/W
项目	4	6	8	10
电池整体体积生热率/ (W/cm³)	0.214 8	0.362 7	0.483 7	0.604 6
发热中心体积生热率/ (W/cm³)	3.367 9	5.051 9	6.737 2	8.421 2
放电倍率/C	4.784	6.055	7.130	8.080

Fig.4 Single battery model

Fig.5 Battery module model

Tab. 3 Physical parameters of each part material

材料	密度/(kg/m³)	比热容/[J/(kg·K)]	导热系数/[W/(m·K)]
去离子水	998.2	4 182	0.60
铝	2 179.0	871	155.00
电池发热中心	7 930.0	500	16.00
绝缘层	1 000.0	1 200	0.19
电池主体部分	2 510.0	1 028	36.96(平行)/1.63(垂直)

Fig.6 Surface temperature distribution of battery at 5 C discharge rate

Fig.7 Relationship between time steps and maximum temperature

Tab. 4 Maximum temperature at different time steps ℃

时间/s	时间步长/s
时间/s	0.1	0.2
100	33.176	33.183
200	35.810	35.811
300	37.299	37.300
400	38.145	38.146
500	38.621	38.624
600	38.884	38.895
700	39.021	39.047
800	39.129	39.132

Tab. 5 Verification of mesh independence of computational model

参数	网格1	网格2	网格3	偏差/%
参数	网格1	网格2	网格3	网格2→1	网格2→3
网格数目	18 888	45 652	78 684	—	—
平均温度/℃	38.626	39.235	39.857	1.55	1.59
最高温度/℃	32.255	32.840	33.451	1.78	1.86

Fig.8 Streamline diagram of single model and module model

Fig.9 Temperature distribution of single model and module model

Fig.10 Coolant temperature change with time in single model and module model

Fig.11 Maximum temperature of single model and module model under different working conditions

Fig.12 Temperature distribution contours of different-side inlet and oulet layout model at different time

Fig.13 Circumferential heat transfer of battery

Fig.14 Geometric structure diagram of same-side inlet and outlet layout model

Fig.15 Comparison of temperature distribution contours between same-side and different-side

Fig.16 Streamline diagram of same-side inlet and outlet layout model

Fig.17 Maximum temperature of battery in two layout models under different working conditions

Fig.18 Pressure drop of two layout models under different coolant flow rates

Fig.19 Maximum temperature of battery in two layout models under different coolant flow rates

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