Lithium-ion Battery Thermal Management System Based on the Combination of Supercooled Phase Change Material and Thermal Switch

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21058

Abstract

Abstract:

In view of the battery thermal management system, a novel type of thermal management system based on the coupling of supercooled phase change material calcium chloride hexahydrate and thermal switch was proposed. The thermal switch device was applied to 18650 lithium-ion battery and the cooling and heat preservation effects of the device were studied based on numerical method. The device provides power for thermal switch based on the significant change of the volume of the phase change material. Besides, it combines with the characteristics of the supercooled of the phase change material to further improve the temperature control capability. The results show that, compared with the thermal management system without thermal switch, the supercooled phase change thermal switch device can reduce the battery temperature by 1.61 ℃ at the end of 5C high-rate discharge. Moreover, when the external environment temperature is -20 ℃, the supercooled phase change thermal switch system extends the battery temperature management time by 660 s.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, thermal switch, calcium chloride hexahydrate, battery thermal management, numerical simulation

CLC Number:

TK 02

Zexu WANG, Bingchen LI, Yao XU, Qian LIU, Kaixuan LI, Xing JU. Lithium-ion Battery Thermal Management System Based on the Combination of Supercooled Phase Change Material and Thermal Switch[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(2): 328-340.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig. 1 Melting and solidification curves of calcium chloride hexahydrate

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of thermal switch

Fig. 3 Structure design of thermal management system

Tab. 1 Geometric parameters of model

名称	符号	数值
模型高度/mm	X_H	65
相变材料底面积/ $m m 2$	$S P C M$	102.71
电池半径/mm	$R$	9
移动铜板厚度/mm	$δ P$	1
空气层厚度/mm	$δ a i r$	1.05
冷板厚度/mm	$δ C$	5
冷板两侧电池间距/mm	$X l$	30
冷板同侧电池间距/mm	$X t$	29.3

Tab. 1 Geometric parameters of model

名称	符号	数值
模型高度/mm	X_H	65
相变材料底面积/ $m m 2$	$S P C M$	102.71
电池半径/mm	$R$	9
移动铜板厚度/mm	$δ P$	1
空气层厚度/mm	$δ a i r$	1.05
冷板厚度/mm	$δ C$	5
冷板两侧电池间距/mm	$X l$	30
冷板同侧电池间距/mm	$X t$	29.3

Tab. 2 Physical parameters of each part of the material

材料	密度/ (kg/m³)	导热系数/［W/(m^·K)］	比热/ ［J/(kg^·K)］	潜热/ (kJ/kg)
18650电池	2 722	2.6(x方向)	970	—
		2.6(y方向)
		28(z方向)
六水合氯化钙	1 496(l)	0.54(l)	2 200(l)	190.8
六水合氯化钙	1 802(s)	1.088(s)	1 400(s)	190.8
空气	1.205	0.025 9	1.005	—
铜	8 900	401	390	—

Fig. 4 Battery cell

Fig. 5 Grid independence

Fig. 6 Time step independence

Fig. 7 Influence of different thermal management systems on battery temperature at high discharge rate

Fig.8 Change of battery temperature and liquid phase rate of PCM thermal switch temperature control

Fig. 9 Temperature variation of the battery in a low temperature environment

Fig. 10 Liquid phase ratio of PCM

Fig. 11 Temperature difference of PCM

Fig. 12 Heat storage of PCM

Fig. 13 Absorption ratio of PCM

Fig. 14 Temperature of battery cell

Fig. 15 Temperature changes of the battery with different initial temperatures

Fig. 16 Temperature rise of the battery at different initial temperatures

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