Hydrated Salt Composite Phase Change Materials for Passive Thermal Management and Safety Protection of Lithium-Ion Batteries

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24059

Abstract

Abstract:

Objectives With the development of high power and high energy density batteries, thermal safety has become the key to limit the large-scale application of lithium-ion batteries (LIB), and efficient thermal safety protection technology has become an inevitable development.　Therefore, a hydrated salt composite phase change material (CPCM) with high latent heat, high thermal conductivity and two-stage temperature control function is prepared for LIB thermal management and thermal safety protection. Methods The thermal physical properties and heat storage process of CPCM are determined by scanning electron microscope test, differential scanning calorimetry analysis and thermal constant analysis. Then, the temperature control effect is studied by combining the thermal performance test, and the best ratio of CPCM is selected. Results The CPCM with an expanded graphite incorporation mass fraction of 10% has a latent heat of 183.7 J/g and a thermal conductivity of 3.926 W/(m⋅K). The latent heat of phase change can absorb heat and quickly transfer to the outside under the condition of high rate discharge of LIB, and the phase change platform lasts for 20-40 min. The CPCM thermochemical heat storage can extend the time for the cell surface to reach 130 ℃ from 50 s to 180 s under the thermal runaway state of LIB, delaying the triggering and spreading of thermal runaway characteristic temperature. Conclusions The CPCM can simultaneously absorb heat in the thermal management range of 20-40 ℃ and the thermal runaway range above 100 ℃, and play an efficient two-stage temperature control role. The research results can provide new ideas for the development of battery thermal management system.

Key words: energy storage, composite phase change material (CPCM), hydrated salt, lithium-ion batteries (LIB), thermal management, thermal runaway

CLC Number:

TK 02

Jingshu ZHANG, Qian LIU, Xiaole YAO, Chao XU, Xing JU. Hydrated Salt Composite Phase Change Materials for Passive Thermal Management and Safety Protection of Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(6): 1164-1175.

Figures/Tables 12

Tab. 1 List of experimental chemicals

药品名称	简称	相变温度/℃	相变潜热/(kJ/kg)	外观	作用
十水硫酸钠	SSD	32.4	250.8^[36-37]	白色晶体	相变材料
十二水磷酸氢二钠	DHPD	35.0	256.6^[38]	白色结晶粉末	相变材料
羧甲基纤维素钠	CMC	—	—	白色纤维状粉末	增稠剂
膨胀石墨	EG	—	—	蠕虫状	多孔介质

Fig. 1 Preparation process of CPCM

Fig. 2 Diagram of experimental setup

Tab. 2 Output power, voltage, and current of DC power supply

输出功率/W	电压/V	电流/A
3	23.5	0.15
100	131	0.8

Fig. 3 SEM test results of EG, CPCM-5%EG, CPCM-10%EG and CPCM-15%EG

Fig. 4 DSC test results of CPCM with different EG contents

Tab. 3 Melting temperature and phase transformation enthalpy of CPCM with different EG contents

参数	CPCM-5%EG	CPCM-10%EG	CPCM-15%EG
熔点/℃	27.66	29.05	32.62
相变焓/(J/g)	184.5	183.7	172.2

Fig. 5 Thermal conductivity test results of CPCM with different EG contents

Fig. 6 Temperature changes in the melting process of different materials under 3 W heating power

Fig. 7 The inner and outer temperature changes of different materials under 3 W heating power

Fig. 8 The inner and outer temperature changes of different materials under 100 W heating power

Tab. 4 Duration of phase change platform and dehydration platform for different materials

类型	石蜡	CPCM-5%EG	CPCM-10%EG	CPCM-15%EG
相变平台	160	150	125	100
脱水平台	—	350	260	250

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