Abstract: [Objectives]　To meet CO₂ emission reduction requirements in coal-fired power plants, the technical potential and methods of CO₂ mineralization and storage using solid waste (fly ash, bottom ash, slag, desulfurization gypsum) are systematically studied to promote the cost-effective and efficient application of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology. [Methods]　Firstly, the CO₂ mineralization potential of typical solid waste is quantified, and its composition characteristics and storage mechanisms are analyzed. Secondly, the technical routes of direct carbonation (gas-solid dry method/aqueous solution wet method) and indirect carbonation (acid leaching/ammonium salt cycle method) are reviewed, and the reaction efficiency and energy consumption of the two methods are compared. Subsequently, the amine regeneration mechanisms and energy saving advantages of the integrated absorption-mineralization (IAM) are reviewed. Finally, the key parameters and economic bottlenecks of laboratory research and demonstration projects are summarized.[Conclusions]　The annual mineralization potential of China’s coal-fired solid waste exceeds 35 million tons of CO₂ (12 million tons from high-calcium fly ash and 23 million tons from desulfurization gypsum). Wet direct carbonation exhibits a fast reaction rate but incurs high costs for the waste liquid treatment, while indirect acid leaching method has high efficiency but high reagent regeneration energy consumption. The IAM technology can reduce the regeneration energy consumption by more than 60%. The demonstration project verifies the technical feasibility, but economic limitations may restrict large-scale application. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the reaction conditions, develop high value-added products, and strengthen policy support.

Key words: CO₂ mineralization, coal-fired power plants, solid waste, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), direct carbonation, indirect carbonation, integrated absorption-mineralization (IAM) technology