Development Status and Prospects of Onboard Hydrogen Supply Systems

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23168

Abstract

Abstract:

Objectives The onboard hydrogen supply system serves as a core component of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. How to achieve complete hydrogen gas recycling and improve hydrogen utilization efficiency have become one of the key bottlenecks limiting the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Therefore, an analysis of the current development status of onboard hydrogen supply systems is conducted. Methods This paper introduces the basic working principles of onboard hydrogen supply systems, and summarizes the structure, working principles, and development status of six types of hydrogen-recycling supply systems and two types of non-recycling supply systems. The advantages and disadvantages of different hydrogen supply system modes are compared. The technical status of key components in onboard hydrogen supply systems, such as hydrogen storage cylinders, hydrogen refueling modules, and combination valves is reviewed. Additionally, the development status of core valves such as pressure relief valves, overcurrent valves, and manual valves is analyzed. Finally, the development trends and research directions for onboard hydrogen supply systems are discussed. Conclusions The recycling mode of hydrogen supply systems is the main development direction for the future. Advanced information technologies, automatic control technologies, and intelligent decision-making algorithms will be gradually applied to onboard hydrogen supply systems. The components of onboard hydrogen supply systems will gradually evolve towards lightweight, high reliability, low cost, standardization, and modularization.

Key words: hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen energy, onboard hydrogen supply system, hydrogen recovery cycle, hydrogen supply modes, hydrogen storage, combination valves

CLC Number:

TK 91

Jie ZHANG, Ke SONG, Han ZHANG, Yun ZENG, Peng ZHENG. Development Status and Prospects of Onboard Hydrogen Supply Systems[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(1): 58-71.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 Structural and principle flow of hydrogen supply system

Fig. 2 Single-injector hydrogen recovery mode

Fig. 3 Dual-injector hydrogen recovery mode

Fig. 4 Single-circulation pump hydrogen recovery mode

Fig. 5 Combined mode of circulating pump and injector

Fig. 6 Parallel hydrogen recovery mode of injector and ejector

Fig. 7 Principle of pressure hydrogen recovery mode

Fig. 8 Principle of straight-through flow mode

Fig. 9 Principle of dead-end mode

Tab.1 Performance comparison of hydrogen storage cylinders

参数	Ⅰ型	Ⅱ型	Ⅲ型	Ⅳ型
材质	纯钢质金属	钢制内胆纤维	铝内胆纤维	塑料内胆纤维
工作压力/MPa	17.5~20.0	26.3~30.0	30.0~70.0	>70
质量体积比/(kg⋅L^-1)	0.90~1.30	0.60~0.95	0.35~1.00	0.30~0.80
使用寿命/a	15	15	15~20	15~20
储氢密度/(g⋅L^-1)	14.28~17.23	14.28~17.23	40.40	48.80
可否车载	否	否	是	是
成本	低	中等	最高	高
发展状况	国内外技术成熟	国内外技术成熟	国内外技术成熟，国内已商业化	国外技术成熟，国内已开发出产品

Fig. 10 Principle of combination valves

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