Challenges and Prospects of Hydrogen Energy Storage Under the Background of Low-carbon Transformation of Power Industry

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23022

Abstract

Abstract:

With the gradual increase in the proportion of new energy, energy storage technology, as an auxiliary new energy grid, has attracted wide attention. Hydrogen energy storage and fuel cell technology have been listed as strategic energy technologies in China, and have been actively applied in the market and enterprise development. Hydrogen production from electrolytic water can stabilize the fluctuation caused by the connection of renewable energy to the grid and help the power grid to cut peak and frequency modulation. As a power generation device to improve energy conversion rate, fuel cell has the advantages of low noise and no pollution, it is one of the effective ways to absorb renewable energy. This paper made a comparative analysis of the development status and advantages of the existing energy storage technologies, the key technologies and research directions of hydrogen energy storage system were introduced emphatically, and the commercial development of hydrogen energy storage was prospected.

Key words: hydrogen energy, electrolysis hydrogen production, fuel cell, energy storage technology

CLC Number:

TK 91

Yiwen CHEN, Jinbin ZHAO, Junzhou LI, Ling MAO, Keqing QU, Guoqing WEI. Challenges and Prospects of Hydrogen Energy Storage Under the Background of Low-carbon Transformation of Power Industry[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(3): 296-304.

Figures/Tables 4

References 32

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储能类型	储能系统	寿命	优点	应用范围	响应时间	效率/%
机械储能	抽水蓄能	>30 a	技术成熟、成本较低、寿命长	广泛应用于调峰、调频和备用电源场景	分钟级	70~75
电化学储能	锂离子电池	5~10 a	能量密度大	辅助可再生能源备用、调峰调频	百毫秒级	85~98
	全钒液流电池	5~15 a	安全性好	调峰、调频、电能质量调节	百毫秒级	75~85
	铅蓄电池	3~8 a	性价比高、技术成熟	削峰填谷、容量备用	百毫秒级	70~90
电磁蓄能	超级电容器	>30 000次	响应速度快、转换效率高	电能质量调节、削峰等	毫秒级	70~90

储能类型	储能系统	寿命	优点	应用范围	响应时间	效率/%
机械储能	抽水蓄能	>30 a	技术成熟、成本较低、寿命长	广泛应用于调峰、调频和备用电源场景	分钟级	70~75
电化学储能	锂离子电池	5~10 a	能量密度大	辅助可再生能源备用、调峰调频	百毫秒级	85~98
	全钒液流电池	5~15 a	安全性好	调峰、调频、电能质量调节	百毫秒级	75~85
	铅蓄电池	3~8 a	性价比高、技术成熟	削峰填谷、容量备用	百毫秒级	70~90
电磁蓄能	超级电容器	>30 000次	响应速度快、转换效率高	电能质量调节、削峰等	毫秒级	70~90

制氢方法	优点	缺点	电解效率/%	工作温度/℃	启动时间
碱性电解水	结构简单，技术成熟，非贵金属催化剂，成本低，商业化	电解液泄漏污染环境，占地面积大，动态响应差，电解密度有限	52~82	60~80	1~10 min
质子交换膜电解水	结构紧凑，电流密度高，波动能源适应性强，制氢效率高	成本高，商业化程度低，功耗较高，催化剂易被金属离子毒化	74~87	50~80	1 s~5 min
固体氧化物电解水	效率高，非贵金属催化剂，转化效率高，洁净环保	需要额外热源，高温条件增加成本，启动慢，高温下材料易老化	85~100	700~1 000	>20 min

制氢方法	优点	缺点	电解效率/%	工作温度/℃	启动时间
碱性电解水	结构简单，技术成熟，非贵金属催化剂，成本低，商业化	电解液泄漏污染环境，占地面积大，动态响应差，电解密度有限	52~82	60~80	1~10 min
质子交换膜电解水	结构紧凑，电流密度高，波动能源适应性强，制氢效率高	成本高，商业化程度低，功耗较高，催化剂易被金属离子毒化	74~87	50~80	1 s~5 min
固体氧化物电解水	效率高，非贵金属催化剂，转化效率高，洁净环保	需要额外热源，高温条件增加成本，启动慢，高温下材料易老化	85~100	700~1 000	>20 min

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