Low-Carbon and Economic Synergy Optimization Configuration for Microgrid With Hydrogen Energy Storage

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24157

Abstract

Abstract:

Objectives Traditional electric energy storage has limitations in scale, duration, and environmental impact.Moreover, the renewable energy absorption capacity in the microgrid is low, and low-carbon and economy cannot be taken into account in planning. In order to solve the above problems, based on the basic working principle of hydrogen energy storage, hydrogen energy storage was incorporated into the microgrid instead of traditional electric energy storage, and a low-carbon and economic synergy bi-level optimization configuration model of microgrid with hydrogen energy storage was established. Methods The upper-level planning model aimed at minimizing the comprehensive equivalent annual value of the microgrid, based on the joint operation of electricity and hydrogen. The carbon trading mechanism was introduced to plan the capacity of various power generation equipments in the microgrid, which can enhance the low-carbon of the system. The lower-level operation model aimed to minimize the sum of the absolute values of the difference between the new energy output and the load demand. The model also encouraged users to adopt diversified demand-side response behaviors with the goal of accurately tracking the new energy output curve, and feeded back the user’s energy consumption behavior to the upper-level model to optimize the load curve. On the basis of improving the absorption capacity of new energy, the system economy is further improved, deeply exploring the synergy between the low-carbon and economic characteristics of microgrids. Results The simulation results of microgrid in a certain industrial park show that the proposed method yields a planning scheme with excellent low-carbon and economy. Compared with the traditional planning method, the low-carbon and economy are improved by 53.6% and 37.1%, respectively. Conclusions The model presented in this paper not only enhances the capacity for new energy absorption but also further improves the system economic performance. It achieves a synergistic enhancement of the microgrid low-carbon and economy.

Key words: microgrid, hydrogen energy storage, new energy, low-carbon, carbon trading, capacity planning, demand response, optimization configuration

CLC Number:

TK 91

Lingling TAN, Peng SUN, Peixuan GUO, Yuanfang LI, Xingquan JI, Yumin ZHANG. Low-Carbon and Economic Synergy Optimization Configuration for Microgrid With Hydrogen Energy Storage[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(5): 983-994.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig. 1 Structure diagram of hydrogen energy storage microgrid

Fig. 2 Relationship between carbon emission allowances and carbon emissions

Fig. 3 Solution flowchart of low-carbon economic planning model of microgrid

Fig. 4 Load curves

Tab. 1 Parameters of equipment related to electricity-hydrogen integration

设备	投资费用/(元/kW)	运行维护费用/(元/kW)	寿命/a
风力发电机	7 500	100	20
光伏	8 000	20	25
柴油发电机	500	15	20
电解槽	2 210	120	15
HFC	4 550	18	6

Tab. 2 Other parameters of the set system

参数	取值
$C d e, t b u y$ /[元/(kW∙h)]	0.49
$C d e, t s e l l$ /[元/(kW∙h)]	0.38
$c c o 2$ /(元/kg)	0.267 6
$a d e$ /[kg/(kW∙h)]	0.789
$b d e$ /[kg/(kW∙h)]	0.5
$a b u y$ /[kg/(kW∙h)]	0.92
$b b u y$ /[kg/(kW∙h)]	0.649
$c f u e l$ /(元/L)	6.13
$C w t, t w a s t e$ /[元/(kW∙h)]	0.6
$C p v, t w a s t e$ /[元/(kW∙h)]	0.6
$a w t - w a s t e$	0.3
$a p v - w a s t e$	0.3
$β b u y$	1

Tab. 2 Other parameters of the set system

参数	取值
$C d e, t b u y$ /[元/(kW∙h)]	0.49
$C d e, t s e l l$ /[元/(kW∙h)]	0.38
$c c o 2$ /(元/kg)	0.267 6
$a d e$ /[kg/(kW∙h)]	0.789
$b d e$ /[kg/(kW∙h)]	0.5
$a b u y$ /[kg/(kW∙h)]	0.92
$b b u y$ /[kg/(kW∙h)]	0.649
$c f u e l$ /(元/L)	6.13
$C w t, t w a s t e$ /[元/(kW∙h)]	0.6
$C p v, t w a s t e$ /[元/(kW∙h)]	0.6
$a w t - w a s t e$	0.3
$a p v - w a s t e$	0.3
$β b u y$	1

Fig. 5 Photovoltaic power output curves

Fig. 6 Wind power output curves

Tab. 3 Different scenarios of capacity configuration results

参数	场景1	场景2	场景3
风电规划容量/kW	5 855	7 534	7 534
光伏规划容量/kW	4 412	5 242	5 242
柴油发电机规划容量/kW	2 731	1 742	1 742
电解槽规划容量/kW	1 858	2 131	1 671
燃料电池规划容量/kW	800	550	532
储氢罐规划容量/(kW∙h)	3 784	5 000	2 946

Tab. 4 Planning costs for different scenarios

成本项	场景1	场景2	场景3
投资成本	386	314	331
维护成本	131	125	72
年燃料成本	156	98	104
购售电成本	56	28	17
弃风、弃光成本	268	295	173
碳交易成本	0	1.4	1.0
氢储能系统运行成本	238	122	79

Tab. 5 Carbon emissions for different scenarios

场景	1	2	3
碳排放量/t	105 778	66 919	49 029

Fig. 7 Operational status of three scenarios on a typical winter day

Tab. 6 Carbon emission levels on a typical winter day in different scenarios

场景	1	2	3
碳排放量/kg	6 689	4 457	3 128

Fig. 8 Results of photovoltaic power output under three scenarios on a typical winter day

Fig. 9 Results of wind power output under three scenarios on a typical winter day

Fig. 10 Convergence results

Tab. 7 Impact of different carbon trading prices on capacity configuration

参数	碳交易价格 $c c o 2$ /(元/kg)
参数	0.267 6	0.798 5	1.120 0	1.456 8
风电规划容量/kW	7 534	7 842	8 003	10 000
光伏规划容量/kW	5 242	5 689	5 689	5 700
柴油发电机规划容量/kW	1 742	1 000	778	7 42
电解槽规划容量/kW	1 671	2 371	2 568	2 662
燃料电池规划容量/kW	532	1 018	1 494	1 564
储氢罐规划容量/(kW∙h)	2 946	3 420	4 187	5 000

Tab. 7 Impact of different carbon trading prices on capacity configuration

参数	碳交易价格 $c c o 2$ /(元/kg)
参数	0.267 6	0.798 5	1.120 0	1.456 8
风电规划容量/kW	7 534	7 842	8 003	10 000
光伏规划容量/kW	5 242	5 689	5 689	5 700
柴油发电机规划容量/kW	1 742	1 000	778	7 42
电解槽规划容量/kW	1 671	2 371	2 568	2 662
燃料电池规划容量/kW	532	1 018	1 494	1 564
储氢罐规划容量/(kW∙h)	2 946	3 420	4 187	5 000

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