Power Generation Technology ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 583-601.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23102
• Virtual Power Plant Planning, Scheduling and Control Technology • Next Articles
Qiuye SUN1, Jia YAO2, Yifan WANG2
Received:
2023-08-25
Published:
2023-10-31
Online:
2023-10-30
Supported by:
CLC Number:
Qiuye SUN, Jia YAO, Yifan WANG. From Virtual Power Plant to Real Electricity: Summary and Prospect of Virtual Power Plant Research[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(5): 583-601.
类型 | 储能时长 | 应用场景 | 储能形式 |
---|---|---|---|
容量型 | ≥4 h | 削峰填谷、离网储能等 | 抽水蓄能、压缩空气、储热蓄冷、储氢储碳、钠硫电池、液流电池、铅炭电池等 |
能量型 | 1~2 h | 调峰调频和紧急备用等多重功能 | 0.5 C或1 C型磷酸铁锂电池等 |
功率型 | ≤30 min | 调频、平滑间歇性电源功率波动等 | 超导储能、飞轮储能、超级电容器、钛酸锂电池、三元锂电池、高电压电池、 倍率≥2 C型磷酸铁锂电池等 |
备用型 | ≥15 min | 作为不间断电源提供紧急电力 | 铅酸电池、梯级利用电池、飞轮储能等 |
Tab. 1 Energy storage forms and application scenarios in VPP
类型 | 储能时长 | 应用场景 | 储能形式 |
---|---|---|---|
容量型 | ≥4 h | 削峰填谷、离网储能等 | 抽水蓄能、压缩空气、储热蓄冷、储氢储碳、钠硫电池、液流电池、铅炭电池等 |
能量型 | 1~2 h | 调峰调频和紧急备用等多重功能 | 0.5 C或1 C型磷酸铁锂电池等 |
功率型 | ≤30 min | 调频、平滑间歇性电源功率波动等 | 超导储能、飞轮储能、超级电容器、钛酸锂电池、三元锂电池、高电压电池、 倍率≥2 C型磷酸铁锂电池等 |
备用型 | ≥15 min | 作为不间断电源提供紧急电力 | 铅酸电池、梯级利用电池、飞轮储能等 |
方法 | 优点 | 缺点 |
---|---|---|
顶点法 | 精度高 | 顶点集获取难度大 |
半平面法 | 计算难度低 | 结果偏大 |
“Zonotope”法 | 计算难度低 | 结果偏小 |
初始化功率集合的缩放和位移变换法 | 精度较高 | 计算量较大 |
Tab. 2 Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of the four methods
方法 | 优点 | 缺点 |
---|---|---|
顶点法 | 精度高 | 顶点集获取难度大 |
半平面法 | 计算难度低 | 结果偏大 |
“Zonotope”法 | 计算难度低 | 结果偏小 |
初始化功率集合的缩放和位移变换法 | 精度较高 | 计算量较大 |
模型 | 适用场景 |
---|---|
虚拟电池模型 | 内部多为储能装置或柔性负荷的情况 |
虚拟发电机模型 | 内部多为风力发电、光伏发电或常规可控机组的情况 |
虚拟电池模型和虚拟发电机模型结合 | 既包含储能装置或柔性负荷,又包含风力发电、光伏发电或常规可控机组的情况 |
Tab. 3 Applicable scenarios of the three models
模型 | 适用场景 |
---|---|
虚拟电池模型 | 内部多为储能装置或柔性负荷的情况 |
虚拟发电机模型 | 内部多为风力发电、光伏发电或常规可控机组的情况 |
虚拟电池模型和虚拟发电机模型结合 | 既包含储能装置或柔性负荷,又包含风力发电、光伏发电或常规可控机组的情况 |
方法 | 优点 | 缺点 |
---|---|---|
基于虚拟电厂自身成本分析的竞标方法 | 算法简单 | 无法根据市场情况调整报价 |
基于虚拟电厂价格配额曲线的竞标方法 | 算法简单 | 根据历史数据估计,精度较低 |
基于模拟竞争对手投标曲线的竞标方法 | 市场竞争力较大 | 误差较大 |
基于博弈论的竞标方法 | 兼顾所有参与者利益 | 算法复杂,且需其他参与者同意,存在局限性 |
Tab. 4 Applicable scenarios of the four models
方法 | 优点 | 缺点 |
---|---|---|
基于虚拟电厂自身成本分析的竞标方法 | 算法简单 | 无法根据市场情况调整报价 |
基于虚拟电厂价格配额曲线的竞标方法 | 算法简单 | 根据历史数据估计,精度较低 |
基于模拟竞争对手投标曲线的竞标方法 | 市场竞争力较大 | 误差较大 |
基于博弈论的竞标方法 | 兼顾所有参与者利益 | 算法复杂,且需其他参与者同意,存在局限性 |
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