Architecture Design of Virtual Power Plant Based on “Three Flow Separation-Convergence”

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23060

Abstract

Abstract:

With the increase of new energy penetration, the power balance and frequency stability problems brought by its randomness, intermittency and volatility has become increasingly serious. It is difficult to cope with these problems only by traditional centralized power plants. Flexible resources in the power systems should also bear a part of the responsibility for the balance of power and energy. Virtual power plant (VPP) can aggregate a large number of distributed flexible resources with different characteristics, participate in the electricity markets as a whole and accept the dispatch of the grid, and provide important support for the real-time power balance of the power systems. The development of VPPs should be based on a large number of flexible resources, advanced communication and dispatching/control technologies, and efficient business models and good market policies. The operation of VPPs can be attributed to the energy flow of the energy network, the information interaction of the information network and the value transfer of the value network. Therefore, based on the three-layer network architeciture of “energy-information-value”, the operation modes and control schemes of different types of VPPs were analyzed, and the idea of “three flow separation-convergence” for VPP architecture design was proposed. The findings provide useful guidance for the design, construction and operation of VPPs.

Key words: new energy, new power system, virtual power plant (VPP), electricity market, energy flow, information flow, value flow

CLC Number:

TK 01

Haoyong CHEN, Yuxiang HUANG, Yang ZHANG, Fei WANG, Liang ZHOU, Junbo TANG, Xiaobin WU. Architecture Design of Virtual Power Plant Based on “Three Flow Separation-Convergence”[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(5): 616-624.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Three-layer network structure of new energy systems

Fig. 2 Centralized control architecture of VPP

Fig. 3 Decentralized control architecture of VPP

Fig. 4 Distributed control architecture of VPP

Fig. 5 VVP architecture based on "three flow separation-convergence"

References 24

1	习近平．中央财经委员会第九次会议[EB/OL]．(2021-03-15)[2023-03-01]．．
	Xi J P ．The ninth meeting of the Central Financial Leading Group[EB/OL]．(2021-03-15)[2023-03-01]．．
2	中华人民共和国国务院．国务院关于印发2030年前碳达峰行动方案的通知[J]．中华人民共和国国务院公报，2021(31)：48-58．
	The State Council of the People’s Republic of China ．Circular of the State Council on printing and issuing the action plan for carbon dioxide peaking before 2030[J]．The Gazette of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China，2021(31)：48-58．
3	李东东，刘强，徐波，等．考虑频率稳定约束的新能源电力系统临界惯量计算方法[J]．电力系统保护与控制，2021，49(22)：24-33． doi:10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.210245
	LI D D， LIU Q， XU B，et al ．New energy power system critical inertia estimation method considering frequency stability constraints[J]．Power System Protection and Control，2021，49(22)：24-33． doi:10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.210245
4	张军六，李佳朋，唐震，等．基于本地测量的高比例新能源电力系统不平衡功率估算与附加功率控制策略[J]．电力科学与技术学报，2022，37(3)：50-60．
	ZHANG J L， LI J P， TANG Z，et al ．Local measurement based unbalanced active power estimation and supplementary power modulation for power systems with high proportions of renewable energy[J]．Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology，2022，37(3)：50-60．
5	杨洪朝，杨迪，孟科．高比例可再生能源渗透下多虚拟电厂多时间尺度协调优化调度[J]．智慧电力，2021，49(2)：60-68． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7598.2021.02.011
	YANG H Z， YANG D， MENG K ．Multi-time scale coordination optimal scheduling of multiple virtual power plants with high-penetration renewable energy integration[J]．Smart Power，2021，49(2)：60-68． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7598.2021.02.011
6	郑浩伟，闫庆友，尹哲，等．计及日前-实时交易和共享储能的VPP运行优化及双层效益分配[J]．电力建设，2022，43(9)：34-46．
	ZHENG H W， YAN Q Y， YIN Z，et al ．VPP operation optimization and bilayer ｒevenue distribution model considering the two-level market and shared energy storage[J]．Electric Power Construction，2022，43(9)：34-46．
7	李凌昊，邱晓燕，张浩禹，等．电力市场下的虚拟电厂风险厌恶模型与利益分配方法[J]．电力建设，2021，42(1)：67-75． doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.01.008
	LI L H， QIU X Y， ZHANG H Y，et al ．Risk aversion model and profit distribution method of virtual power plant in power market[J]．Electric Power Construction，2021，42(1)：67-75． doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.01.008
8	卫志农，余爽，孙国强，等．虚拟电厂的概念与发展[J]．电力系统自动化，2013，37(13)：1-9． doi:10.7500/AEPS201210156
	WEI Z N， YU S， SUN G Q，et al ．Concept and development of virtual power plant[J]．Automation of Electric Power Systems，2013，37(13)：1-9． doi:10.7500/AEPS201210156
9	王宣元，刘敦楠，刘蓁，等．泛在电力物联网下虚拟电厂运营机制及关键技术[J]．电网技术，2019，43(9)：3175-3183．
	WANG X Y， LIU D N， LIU Z，et al ．Operation mechanism and key technologies of virtual power plant under ubiquitous internet of things[J]．Power System Technology，2019，43(9)：3175-3183．
10	王宣元，高洪超，张浩，等．面向新型电力系统的灵活资源聚合技术应用场景分析及建设启示[J]．电力需求侧管理，2022，24(1)：73-80． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1831.2022.01.013
	WANG X Y， GAO H C， ZHANG H，et al ．Analysis and enlightenment of aggregation technology application scenarios of flexible distributed energy resources oriented to new power system[J]．Power Demand Side Management，2022，24(1)：73-80． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1831.2022.01.013
11	严欢，胡俊杰，黄旦莉，等．考虑电动汽车虚拟电厂灵活性和高比例光伏接入的配电网规划[J]．电力建设，2022，43(11)：14-23． doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.11.002
	YAN H， HU J J， HUANG D L，et al ．Distribution network planning considering the flexibility of EV virtual power plants and high penetration of PV[J]．Electric Power Construction，2022，43(11)：14-23． doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.11.002
12	卫璇，潘昭光，王彬，等．云管边端架构下虚拟电厂资源集群与协同调控研究综述及展望[J]．全球能源互联网，2020，3(6)：539-551．
	WEI X， PAN Z G， WANG B，et al ．Review on virtual power plant resource aggregation and collaborative regulation using cloud-tube-edge-end architecture[J]．Journal of Global Energy Inter-connection，2020，3(6)：539-551．
13	陈皓勇，谭碧飞，伍亮，等．分层集群的新型电力系统运行与控制[J]．中国电机工程学报，2023，43(2)：581-595．
	CHEN H Y， TAN B F， WU L，et al ．Operation and control of the new power systems based on hierarchical clusters[J]．Proceedings of the CSEE，2023，43(2)：581-595．
14	李嘉媚，艾芊，殷爽睿．虚拟电厂参与调峰调频服务的市场机制与国外经验借鉴[J]．中国电机工程学报，2022，42(1)：37-56．
	LI J M， AI Q， YIN S R ．Market mechanism and foreign experience of virtual power plant participating in peak-regulation and frequency-regulation[J]．Proceedings of the CSEE，2022，42(1)：37-56．
15	CHEN H， WANG X， LI Z，et al ．Distributed sensing and cooperative estimation/detection of ubiquitous power internet of things[J]．Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems，2019，4(1)：1-8． doi:10.1186/s41601-019-0128-2
16	WANG W， CHEN P， ZENG D，et al ．Electric vehicle fleet integration in a virtual power plant with large-scale wind power[J]．IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications，2020，56(5)：5924-5931． doi:10.1109/tia.2020.2993529
17	LI J， PENG D， ZHAO H，et al ．A spatial-temporal bi-layer optimal control strategy of large-scale electric vehicles (EVs) in a multi-area virtual power plant (VPP) oriented to dual carbon target[J]．IET Renewable Power Generation，2022，16(7)：1445-1461． doi:10.1049/rpg2.12390
18	LI X， LI C， LIU X，et al ．Two-stage community energy trading under end-edge-cloud orchestration[J]．IEEE Internet of Things Journal，2023，10(3)：1961-1972． doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3140336
19	杨秀，杜楠楠，孙改平，等．考虑需求响应的虚拟电厂双层优化调度[J]．电力科学与技术学报，2022，37(2)：137-146．
	YANG X， DU N N， SUN G P，et al ．Bi-level optimization dispatch of virtual power plants considering the demand response[J]．Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology，2022，37(2)：137-146．
20	田立亭，程林，郭剑波，等．虚拟电厂对分布式能源的管理和互动机制研究综述[J]．电网技术，2020，44(6)：2097-2108． doi:10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2019.2193
	TIAN L T， CHENG L， GUO J B，et al ．A review on the study of management and interaction mechanism for distributed energy in virtual power plants[J]．Power System Technology，2020，44(6)：2097-2108． doi:10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2019.2193
21	GOUGH M， SANTOS S F， LOTFI M，et al ．Operation of a technical virtual power plant considering diverse distributed energy resources[J]．IEEE Trans-actions on Industry Applications，2022，58(2)：2547-2558． doi:10.1109/tia.2022.3143479
22	周玮，高垚，彭飞翔，等．基于模型预测控制的能源产消者端对端交易策略[J]．电力系统保护与控制，2022，50(9)：1-10．
	ZHOU W， GAO Y， PENG F X，et al ．Peer-to-peer energy trading strategy for prosumers based on model predictive control[J]．Power System Protection and Control，2022，50(9)：1-10．
23	刘杨，刘天羽．基于区块链和动态定价模型的微电网P2P能源交易[J]．智慧电力，2022，50(3)：30-36． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7598.2022.03.006
	LIU Y， LIU T Y ．P2P energy trading in microgrid based on blockchain and dynamic pricing model[J]．Smart Power，2022，50(3)：30-36． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7598.2022.03.006
24	李可舒，王冬容．欧洲虚拟电厂发展对我国的启示[J]．中国电力企业管理，2020(25)：93-95．
	LI K S， WANG D R ．Enlightenment of the development of virtual power plants in Europe to China[J]．China Power Enterprise Management，2020(25)：93-95．

[1]	Hongbo LIU, Shencheng LIU, Xueyang GAI, Yongfa LIU, Yutong YAN. Overview of Active Distribution Network Planning With High Proportion of New Energy Access [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(1): 151-161.
[2]	Yeqing ZHANG, Wenbin CHEN, Lüjun XU, Xingwen JIANG. Multi-Virtual Power Plant-Oriented Dynamic Aggregation Control Strategy Based on Hierarchical Partition and Multi-Layer Complementation [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(1): 162-169.
[3]	Xingyuan XU, Haoyong CHEN, Yuxiang HUANG, Xiaobin WU, Yushen WANG, Junhao LIAN, Jianbin ZHANG. Challenges, Strategies and Key Technologies for Virtual Power Plants in Market Trading [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(6): 745-757.
[4]	Zhenyu ZHAO, Xinxin LI. Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch Based on Ladder Carbon Trading Virtual Power Plant Considering Carbon Capture Power Plant and Power-to-Gas [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(6): 769-780.
[5]	Xiaoqiang JIA, Yongbiao YANG, Jiao DU, Haiqing GAN, Nan YANG. Study on Uncertainty Operation Optimization of Virtual Power Plant Based on Intelligent Prediction Model Under Climate Change [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(6): 790-799.
[6]	He HUANG, Yan WANG, Nian JIANG, Qiang WU, Yajing ZHANG, Xiuyuan YANG. Optimal Control of Residents’ Controllable Load Resources Considering Different Demands of Users [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(6): 896-908.
[7]	Daogang PENG, Jijun SHUI, Danhao WANG, Huirong ZHAO. Review of Virtual Power Plant Under the Background of “Dual Carbon” [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(5): 602-615.
[8]	Ning ZHANG, Hao ZHU, Lingxiao YANG, Cungang HU. Optimal Scheduling Strategy of Multi-Energy Complementary Virtual Power Plant Considering Renewable Energy Consumption [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(5): 625-633.
[9]	Haibin YU, Yuchen ZHANG, Yangyang LIU, Zengjie LU, Jinde WENG. Optimal Dispatching Bidding Strategy of Multi-Agent Virtual Power Plant Participating in Electricity Market Under Carbon Trading Mechanism [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(5): 634-644.
[10]	Mengshu SHI, Xiaofeng XU, Jiguang ZHANG, Yi LI, Baozhong ZHOU, Ying LE, Sheng BI. A Two-Stage Optimization Strategy for Virtual Power Plants Considering the Electricity-Hydrogen Market [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(5): 645-655.
[11]	Jianlin LI, Chenxi SHAO, Zedong ZHANG, Zhonghao LIANG, Fei ZENG. Analysis of Hydrogen Industry Policy and Commercialization Model [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(3): 287-295.
[12]	Xiyong YANG, Yangfei ZHANG, Gang LIN, Yuzhuo ZHANG, Yunzhan AN, Haotian YANG. Multi-Time Scale Collaborative Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Source-Load-Storage Considering Demand Response [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(2): 253-260.
[13]	Jiangwu DU, Xiaoqiang TANG, Zhiwei LUO, Dunnan LIU, Jixu CHEN, Erfeng XU, Sheng BI. Pricing Method for Season of Use in Integrated Energy Park [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(2): 261-269.
[14]	Yang XIAO, Zhiqiang LI, Lin CHENG, Lei TANG, Chao XIA, Ying LIANG, Rui SONG, Dongyang WANG, Hewen LI. AVC Comprehensive Coordinated Control Strategy of Centralized Condenser in Northwest Power Grid [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(2): 270-279.
[15]	Xin YIN, Feng ZHANG, Balati ADILI, Xiqiang CHANG, Wuhui CHEN, Changjun LI, Xueming LI, Shaowei YUAN. Study on Participation of Electricity-driven Thermal Load in Real-time Scheduling of New Power System [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(1): 115-124.