Prospect for Development Trend of Battery-Capacitor Technology

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22115

Abstract

Abstract:

The development of renewable energy is one of the most important guarantees to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality. However, the instability of solar energy, wind energy and other new energy sources has shown higher requirements on energy characteristic and power characteristic of energy storage devices. This paper firstly discussed the technical characteristics of traditional lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, and put forward the necessity of developing battery-capacitors technology under the new grid energy storage requirements. Then, the technical development trend of key materials for battery-capacitors was discussed in detail from three aspects: the improvement of cathode materials, improvement of anode materials, and innovation of electrode sheet structures, current collectors and electrode tabs. Finally, the three key elements of energy storage devices and their “two-in-one” or “three-in-one” effects were proposed to meet the diversified demands of cost, safety, power characteristic and energy characteristic, and the development trend of battery-capacitors was prospected.

Key words: renewable energy, energy storage, battery-capacitors, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, three-dimensional current collectors, aluminium foam

CLC Number:

TK 02

Shaoxin WEI, Ying JIN, Jin WANG, Zhoufei YANG, Chaojie CUI, Weizhong QIAN. Prospect for Development Trend of Battery-Capacitor Technology[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(5): 748-759.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 Characteristic and application scenario analysis of supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries

Fig. 2 CNTs enhanced LFP-NPs

Fig. 3 Capacity comparison of LiFePO4 cathode materials before and after carbon coating

Fig. 4 Charge and discharge curves of ultrafine nano-LiFePO4/graphitic carbon composite with core-shell structure at 1 C rate

Fig. 5 Comparison of single-crystal and polycrystal ternary materials

Fig. 6 Schematic diagram of composite electrode structure containing LiFePO4 and activated carbon

Fig. 7 Theoretical simulation results of random, single-gradient (porosity) and dual-gradient (particle size and porosity) electrodes

Fig. 8 Comparison of rate performance of artificial graphite, hard carbon and mesocarbon microbeads

Fig. 9 Comparison of three-dimensional Al foam electrode and two-dimensional Al foil electrode

Fig. 10 Schematic diagram of energy storage device based on advanced materials

Tab. 1 Performance comparison of ever-reported battery-capacitors

活性物组成(正极//负极)	比容量/(mA⋅h/g)	能量密度/(W⋅h/kg)	功率密度/(kW/kg)	循环寿命	参考文献
75%LFP+5%AC//Li	142~70^P	—	—	400圈后保持100%	[36]
25%NCM+75%AC//HC^L	55~27^P	75.6~28.5^T	0.041 7~6.9^T	20 000圈后保持98%	[38]
30%LMO+45%AC//LTO	—	16.47^T	4 C	5 000圈后保持92%	[45]
65%LFP+20%AC//Li	110~20^P	—	—	500圈后保持98%	[46]
75%NCM+25%AC//Graphite	83.5~35.2^P	294~50^P	0.1~23^P	1 000圈后保持95%	[47]
67%NCM+33%AC//SC^L	92.9~60.9^P	173.3~92.4^T	0.2 C~7.73^T	10 000圈后保持80%	[48]
30%LFP+70%AC//MCMB	25.2~18.4^T	69.02^T	4 C	100圈后保持100%	[49]
80%LFP+20%AC//LTO	96.8~57.2^P	—	—	500圈后保持93%	[50]
20%LFP+80%AC//HC^L	58.4~30^P	30~5.7^F	0.005~2^F	30 000圈后保持90%	[51]
40%NCM+60%AC//HC^L	—	30~3.0^F	0.01~5^F	40 000圈后保持92%	[52]
30%LFP+70%AC//HC^L	75~30^P	90~30^T	0.03~3^T	62 000圈后保持80%	[53]
80%LMO+5%AC//80%LTO+5%AC	56.4~40.7^T	60~30^F	0.005~2.5^F	2 000圈后保持77.5%	[54]
77%NCM+3%CA//Li	163.8~126.8^P	—	—	300圈后保持72.79%	[55]

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