Grid-Connected Power Fluctuation Suppression and Energy Storage Optimization Configuration of Photovoltaic-Energy Storage System

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23084

Abstract

Abstract:

Objectives Battery energy storage system is one of the effective means to ensure the reliability of photovoltaic (PV) power generation system and improve the utilization rate of PV power generation. However, there are some problems in the PV-energy storage power station, such as the difficulty of power fluctuation suppression and the unreasonable configuration of energy storage capacity. In order to solve these problems, relevant research was carried out. Methods For energy-based battery energy storage, the characteristics of scheduling mode and autonomous mode were analyzed, and a power-limited suppression strategy of PV-energy storage system based on energy storage operation in scheduling mode was proposed to realize power suppression and reduce the frequency of energy storage charge/discharge switching. The optimization objective of minimizing abandoned power losses in the PV-energy storage system was established, with constraints such as the probability of power fluctuation exceeding the limit. An algorithm was used to solve and optimize the energy storage configuration. Taking the 50 MW Sangzhuzi PV-energy storage power station in Langming, Tibet as an example, the effectiveness of the proposed grid-connected power suppression strategy was validated. Results The proposed grid-connected power suppression strategy can reduce the probability of power fluctuation exceeding the limit from 25.64% to 6.41% without increasing the frequency of energy storage charge/discharge switching. When the probability of grid-connected power fluctuation exceeding the limit is 5%, the optimal configuration for the energy storage system of the power station is determined to be 14.5 MW/94 MW⋅h. Conclusions The proposed power fluctuation suppression strategy and energy storage optimization configuration method can provide technical reference for the optimal design and operation of grid-connected PV-energy storage system.

Key words: photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic-energy storage system, battery energy storage system, fluctuation suppression, optimization configuration

CLC Number:

TK 51

Bin ZHAO, Gao LIANG, Menghao JIANG, Gang ZOU, Li WANG. Grid-Connected Power Fluctuation Suppression and Energy Storage Optimization Configuration of Photovoltaic-Energy Storage System[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(3): 423-433.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1 Typical daily output power variation curve of photovoltaic power generation system

Fig. 2 Power changes of energy storage system operation in scheduling mode

Fig. 3 Power changes of energy storage system operation in autonomous mode

Fig. 4 Flow chart of photovoltaic output power curtailment control strategy

Fig. 5 Power change of photovoltaic-energy storage system under ideal conditions

Fig. 6 Power change of photovoltaic-energy storage system

Fig. 7 Grid-connected power fluctuation characteristics of photovoltaic-energy storage system

Fig. 8 Charge and discharge power changes of energy storage system under different working conditions

Fig. 9 Grid-connected power changes under different working conditions

Tab. 1 Output evaluation index of photovoltaic-energy storage system with different power configurations

储能功率配置/MW	弃电量/(MW⋅h)	波动越限概率/%	最大波动量/MW
0	33.97	7.50	21.81
5.0	22.57	7.50	21.81
10.0	15.00	6.25	18.57
12.5	11.15	6.25	16.07
15.0	9.65	5.00	13.15
17.5	7.70	5.00	12.17
25.0	6.18	2.50	7.87

Tab. 2 Optimization results of energy storage capacity with different power configurations

储能功率配置/MW	储能最优容量配置/(MW⋅h)	弃电量/(MW⋅h)
0	0	33.97
5.0	34.38	22.57
10.0	66.37	15.00
12.5	81.68	11.80
15.0	96.85	9.46
17.5	110.90	7.70
20.0	125.63	6.48

Fig. 10 Power change of photovoltaic-energy storage system before and after energy storage capacity optimization

Fig. 11 Power change of photovoltaic-energy storage system under optimal energy storage configuration

References 29

1	邹才能，何东博，贾成业，等．世界能源转型内涵、路径及其对碳中和的意义[J]．石油学报，2021，42(2)：233-247． doi:10.7623/syxb202102008
	ZOU C N， HE D B， JIA C Y，et al ．Connotation and pathway of world energy transition and its significance for carbon neutral[J]．Acta Petrolei Sinica，2021，42(2)：233-247． doi:10.7623/syxb202102008
2	王鹏，杜瑜铃，王雁凌，等．欧洲战略备用机制对我国发电容量充裕性问题的启示[J]．电力建设，2022，43(10)：16-25．
	WANG P， DU Y L， WANG Y L，et al ．Enlightenment of european strategic reserve mechanism on the adequacy of power generation capacity in China[J]．Electric Power Construction，2022，43(10)：16-25．
3	曾爽，梁安琪，王立永，等．考虑光储型电热协同系统灵活性的多代理削峰填谷策略[J]．中国电力，2023，56(2)：133-142． doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202209016
	ZENG S， LIANG A Q， WANG L Y，et al ．Multi-agent peak shaving and valley filling strategy considering the flexibility of electric-thermal system with optical storage[J]．Electric Power，2023，56(2)：133-142． doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202209016
4	李东东，郭天洋，刘庆飞，等．计及光伏发电的新能源电力系统惯量评估[J]．太阳能学报，2021，42(5)：174-179． doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2019-0066
	LI D D， GUO T Y， LIU Q F，et al ．Inertia estimation of renewable power system considering photovoltaics[J]．Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica，2021，42(5)：174-179． doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2019-0066
5	孙雯雯，徐玉杰，丁捷，等．高原高寒地区可再生能源与储能集成供能系统研究[J]．储能科学与技术，2019，8(4)：678-688． doi:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2019.0040
	SUN W W， XU Y J， DING J，et al ．An energy system for the integration of renewable energy with energy storage in a frigid plateau region[J]．Energy Storage Science and Technology，2019，8(4)：678-688． doi:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2019.0040
6	郭勇，李秋燕，马杰，等．新基建负荷与光伏接入下配电网可开放容量评估及优化[J]．电力工程技术，2023，42(6)：64-73． doi:10.12158/j.2096-3203.2023.06.007
	GUO Y， LI Q Y， MA J，et al ．Evaluation and optimization of available capacity of distribution network under new infrastructure load and photovoltaic access[J]．Electric Power Engineering Technology，2023，42(6)：64-73． doi:10.12158/j.2096-3203.2023.06.007
7	李宗隆，柏舸，胡剑，等．考虑光热光伏混合电站内外双重电压安全的两阶段无功优化控制[J]．电力系统保护与控制，2023，51(20)：170-179．
	LI Z L， BAI G， HU J，et al ．Two-stage optimal reactive power control considering internal-external dual voltage security of a PV-CSP hybrid power station[J]．Power System Protection and Control，2023，51(20)：170-179．
8	史加荣，殷诏．基于GRU-BLS的超短期光伏发电功率预测[J]．智慧电力，2023，51(9)：38-45． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7598.2023.09.006
	SHI J R，Y Z ．Prediction of ultra short term photovoltaic power generation based on GRU-BLS[J]．Smart Power，2023，51(9)：38-45． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7598.2023.09.006
9	王立强，丛雨，曹斌，等．风光储联合发电系统数模混合仿真分析[J]．内蒙古电力技术，2022，40(4)：21-26．
	WANG L Q， CONG Y， CAO B，et al ．Digital-analog hybrid simulation analysis of wind-solar-storage hybrid generation system[J]．Inner Mongolia Electric Power，2022，40(4)：21-26．
10	WANG K F， QIAO Y， XIE L R，et al ．A fuzzy hierarchical strategy for improving frequency regulation of battery energy storage system[J]．Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy，2021，9(4)：689-698． doi:10.35833/mpce.2020.000895
11	庄雅妮，杨秀媛，金鑫城．风光储联合发电运行技术研究[J]．发电技术，2018，39(4)：296-303． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.2018.046
	ZHUANG Y N， YANG X Y， JIN X C ．Study on operation technology of wind-PV-energy storage combined power generation[J]．Power Generation Technology，2018，39(4)：296-303． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.2018.046
12	李滨，高崇杰，吴思缘．基于小波分析的光伏电站储能容量优化方法[J]．电力系统及其自动化学报，2019，31(3)：35-41． doi:10.19635/j.cnki.csu-epsa.000025
	LI B， GAO C J， WU S Y ．Optimization method for energy storage capacity of photovoltaic power station based on wavelet analysis[J]．Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA，2019，31(3)：35-41． doi:10.19635/j.cnki.csu-epsa.000025
13	张祥宇，王玉珂，付媛．直流微电网的多端虚拟储能协调控制技术[J]．电网与清洁能源，2022，38(5)：109-119． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-3814.2022.05.015
	ZHANG X Y， WANG Y K， FU Y ．Multi-terminal virtual energy storage coordinated control technology for DC microgrids[J]．Power System and Clean Energy，2022，38(5)：109-119． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-3814.2022.05.015
14	王胜辉，王政宇，陈姝，等．基于功率预测的光储发电系统控制策略优化[J]．电源技术，2021，45(8)：1055-1060． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-087X.2021.08.026
	WANG S H， WANG Z Y， CHEN S，et al ．Control strategy optimization of optical storage power generation system based on power prediction[J]．Chinese Journal of Power Sources，2021，45(8)：1055-1060． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-087X.2021.08.026
15	TIAN J， LIU Z Y， SHU J，et al ．Base on the ultra-short term power prediction and feed-forward control of energy management for microgrid system applied in industrial park[J]．IET Generation，Transmission & Distribution，2016，10(9)：2259-2266． doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.0135
16	楚冰清，王侃，张商州．带限功率控制的光伏并网逆变器控制策略研究[J]．自动化与仪器仪表，2017(5)：21-23． doi:10.14016/j.cnki.1001-9227.2017.05.021
	CHU B Q， WANG K， ZHANG S Z ．Research on control strategy of PV grid-connected inverter with constrained production[J]．Automation & Instrumen-tation，2017(5)：21-23． doi:10.14016/j.cnki.1001-9227.2017.05.021
17	刘海涛，马丙泰，郝思鹏，等．考虑功率限值管理的光储系统建模及控制策略[J]．电力系统及其自动化学报，2022，34(11)：100-108．
	LIU H T， MA B T， HAO S P，et al ．Modeling and control strategy for photovoltaic energy storage system considering power limit management[J]．Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA，2022，34(11)：100-108．
18	闫群民，刘语忱，董新洲，等．基于CEEMDAN-HT的平抑光伏出力混合储能容量优化配置[J]．电力系统保护与控制，2022，50(21)：43-53．
	YAN Q M， LIU Y C， DONG X Z，et al ．Hybrid energy storage capacity optimization configuration for smoothing PV output based on CEEMDAN-HT[J]．Power System Protection and Control，2022，50(21)：43-53．
19	RANA M M， UDDIN M， SARKAR M R，et al ．A review on hybrid photovoltaic-battery energy storage system：current status，challenges，and future directions[J]．Journal of Energy Storage，2022，51：104597． doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.104597
20	DÍAZ-GONZÁLEZ F， CHILLÓN-ANTÓN C， LLONCH-MASACHS M，et al ．A hybrid energy storage solution based on supercapacitors and batteries for the grid integration of utility scale photovoltaic plants[J]．Journal of Energy Storage，2022，51：104446． doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.104446
21	乔俊强，李世民，虎学梅，等．光伏电站中储能系统接入与运行模式[J]．储能科学与技术，2017，6(6)：1345-1351．
	QIAO J Q， LI S M， HU X M，et al ．Grid-connected photovoltaic power system with energy storage and operating mode[J]．Energy Storage Science and Technology，2017，6(6)：1345-1351．
22	李晓宇．高渗透率光伏功率的波动平抑与储能优化配置研究[D]．济南：山东大学，2020．
	LI X Y ．PV power fluctuation mitigation and BESS capacity optimization in power grids with high PV power penetration[D]．Jinan：Shandong University，2020．
23	刘建伟，李学斌，刘晓鸥．有源配电网中分布式电源接入与储能配置[J]．发电技术，2022，43(3)：476-484． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21068
	LIU J W， LI X B， LIU X O ．Distributed power access and energy storage configuration in active distribution network[J]．Power Generation Technology，2022，43(3)：476-484． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21068
24	张中丹，皮霞，杨德州，等．电池储能电站替代变电站升级的优化决策配置方法[J]．电力建设，2023，44(7)：41-49．
	ZHANG Z D， PI X， YANG D Z，et al ．Optimal decision-making configuration method for battery energy storage station to replace substation upgrades[J]．Electric Power Construction，2023，44(7)：41-49．
25	刘畅，卓建坤，赵东明，等．利用储能系统实现可再生能源微电网灵活安全运行的研究综述[J]．中国电机工程学报，2020，40(1)：1-18．
	LIU C， ZHUO J K， ZHAO D M，et al ．A review on the utilization of energy storage system for the flexible and safe operation of renewable energy microgrids[J]．Proceedings of the CSEE，2020，40(1)：1-18．
26	ZHANG D L， CHEN Y C， WANG L Z，et al ．Control strategy and optimal configuration of energy storage system for smoothing short-term fluctuation of PV power[J]．Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments，2021，45：101166． doi:10.1016/j.seta.2021.101166
27	肖冰，吴晓丹，尹宏学，等．蒙东地区适应新能源消纳的储能系统配置效果分析[J]．热力发电，2020，49(7)：13-20．
	XIAO B， WU X D， YIN H X，et al ．Configuration effect of energy storage system in Mengdong grid for new energy consumption[J]．Thermal Power Generation，2020，49(7)：13-20．
28	国家质量监督检验检疫总局，中国国家标准化管理委员会．光伏发电站接入电力系统技术规定： [S]．北京：中国标准出版社，2013． doi:10.4324/9781315771977-15
	General Administration of Quality Supervision，Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China，Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China ． Technical requirements for connecting photovoltaic power station to power system： [S]．Beijing：Standards Press of China，2013． doi:10.4324/9781315771977-15
29	国家市场监督管理总局，国家标准化管理委员会．光伏电站有功及无功控制系统的控制策略导则： [S]．北京：中国标准出版社，2020．
	State Administration for Market Regulation，Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China ． Guide for control strategy of active and reactive power control system for photovoltaic power station： [S]．Beijing：Standards Press of China，2020．

[1]	Zirui MENG, Yawen LIU, Xing JU. Operation Analysis of a Photovoltaic-Piezoelectric Composite Independent Power Supply System [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(4): 696-704.
[2]	Xiaobiao FU, Jiaqi HOU, Baoju LI, Yakun WEN, Xiaowen LAI, Lei GUO, Zhiwei WANG, Yao WANG, Haifeng ZHANG, Dexin LI. A Two-Modal Weather Classification Method and Its Application in Photovoltaic Power Probability Prediction [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(2): 299-311.
[3]	Qing GU, Rui LI, Xu CAI, Baochang XIE. Topology and Control Method of Battery Energy Storage System for Application at the Scale of Hundreds of Megawatts [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(5): 698-706.
[4]	Yao XIAO, Wenze NIU, Gaosheng WEI, Liu CUI, Xiaoze DU. Review on Research Status and Developing Tendency of Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal Technology [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(3): 392-404.
[5]	Qingquan LÜ, Zhenzhen ZHANG, Yanhong MA, Jianmei ZHANG, Pengfei GAO, Tingting JIANG, Honglu ZHU. Analysis and Research on Output Characteristics of Regional Photovoltaic Power Generation [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(3): 413-420.
[6]	Xuewei SONG, Yuyao LIU. Wind and Photovoltaic Generation Scene Division Based on Improved K-means Clustering [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2020, 41(6): 625-630.
[7]	Erjia ZHANG,Nengling TAI,Yang CHEN,Wei YAO,Wentao HUANG,Shihua ZHAO. A Coordination Strategy to Smooth Power Fluctuation of Distributed Generation in Integrated Energy System Based on Virtual Energy Storage [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2020, 41(1): 30-40.