燃气轮机透平叶片旋流冷却技术研究综述

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24172

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的燃气轮机透平叶片在高温高压环境中工作，冷却技术的有效性直接影响其性能和寿命。对旋流冷却技术的研究现状进行综述，旨在总结和评估该技术在提高冷却效率和减少热应力方面的应用，系统性地分析旋流冷却技术的基本原理及其性能表现。方法重点分析了旋流冷却通道设计、旋流-气膜复合冷却以及旋转条件对传热效果的影响。结果旋流冷却技术显著提高了叶片冷却效率，减少了热应力集中现象。具体而言，合理设计旋流冷却通道可以实现冷却流体的均匀分布，增强冷却效果，延长叶片使用寿命。结论旋流冷却技术在燃气轮机透平叶片冷却中的应用具有广阔前景。未来的研究应继续深入探索旋流冷却技术的优化设计及其在不同工况下的性能表现。同时，结合先进的制造技术(如增材制造)，可以进一步提升旋流冷却通道的设计复杂度和冷却效率，为燃气轮机的高效稳定运行提供可靠保障。

关键词: 燃气轮机, 透平叶片, 旋流冷却, 气膜冷却, 冲击冷却

Abstract:

Objectives The effectiveness of cooling technology directly influences the performance and lifespan of gas turbine blades operating in high-temperature, and high-pressure environments. The research status of swirl cooling technology was reviewed, aiming to summarize and evaluate its application in enhancing cooling efficiency and reducing thermal stress, and systematically analyze the basic principle and performance of swirl cooling technology. Methods The review focused on the design of swirl cooling channels, the combined use of swirl and film cooling, and the impact of rotational conditions on heat transfer performance. Results The swirl cooling technology significantly improves blade cooling efficiency and reduces thermal stress concentration. Specifically, reasonable design of swirl cooling channel can achieve uniform distribution of cooling fluid, enhance the cooling effect and prolong the service life of the blade. Conclusions The application of swirl cooling technology in gas turbine blade cooling has broad prospects. Future research should continue to explore the optimized design of swirl cooling technology and its performance under various operating conditions. Additionally, the combination with advanced manufacturing technologies, such as additive manufacturing, can further enhance the design complexity and cooling efficiency of swirl cooling channels, providing reliable support for the efficient and stable operation of gas turbines.

Key words: gas turbine, turbine blades, swirl cooling, film cooling, impingement cooling

中图分类号:

TK 14

左秋儒, 栾勇, 熊逸辉, 饶宇. 燃气轮机透平叶片旋流冷却技术研究综述[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(5): 802-813.

Qiuru ZUO, Yong LUAN, Yihui XIONG, Yu RAO. Review of Research on Swirl Cooling Technology of Gas Turbine Blades[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(5): 802-813.

图/表 5

图1 叶片内部旋流冷却示意图

Fig. 1 Swirl cooling schematic diagram inside the blade

图2 前缘表面努塞尔数云图

Fig. 2 Nusselt number contours on the leading-edge surfaces

图3 单射流和多射流旋流管的实验努塞尔数云图

Fig. 3 Experimental Nusselt number contours of single jet and multi-jet swirl tubes

图4 3种冷却方式的归一化速度及流线

Fig. 4 Normalized velocity and streamline of three cooling methods

图5 叶片前缘综合冷却效率分布

Fig. 5 Comprehensive cooling efficiency distribution of blade leading edge

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