燃气轮机透平叶片旋转内部冷却通道研究现状与发展趋势

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24145

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的透平叶片高效内部冷却技术对提高燃气轮机热效率至关重要，高温透平动叶作为燃气轮机的重要部件，对其冷却性能的把握显得尤为重要。由于科里奥利力(科氏力)、浮升力和通道结构对高温透平动叶内部通道冷却性能影响显著，因此，基于这些影响，总结归纳高温透平动叶内部冷却通道的研究现状与发展趋势。方法介绍了旋转内部冷却通道的新型结构设计，提出了一种适用于双层壁叶片构型的新型旋转内部冷却通道结构。结论双侧强化U形通道可以利用科氏力的强化换热作用，导致其冷却性能优于传统旋转U形通道，燃机透平动叶内部冷却有着广阔的提升空间。

关键词: 燃气轮机, 透平动叶, 内部冷却, 旋转, 科氏力

Abstract:

Objectives The high-efficiency internal cooling technology of turbine blade is crucial for improving the thermal efficiency of gas turbine. As an important component of the gas turbine, it is essential to conduct research on the cooling performance of rotor blade. Due to significant effect of Coriolis force, buoyancy force, and channel structure on the cooling performance of rotating internal channel of turbine blade, this paper summarized the research status and development trends of rotating internal cooling channel based on these effect factors. Methods A new structural design of rotating internal cooling channels was introduced, and a new rotating internal cooling channel structure suitable for double-walled blade configurations was proposed. Conclusions Double-sided enhanced U-shaped channels can utilize the enhanced heat transfer effect of Coriolis force, resulting in better cooling performance than traditional rotating U-shaped channels. There is a broad room for improvement in the internal cooling of gas turbine rotor blades.

Key words: gas turbine, turbine blade, internal cooling, rotating, Coriolis force

中图分类号:

TK 14

任静, 李雪英. 燃气轮机透平叶片旋转内部冷却通道研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(5): 793-801.

Jing REN, Xueying LI. Research Status and Development Trend of Rotating Internal Cooling Channel in Gas Turbine Blade[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(5): 793-801.

图/表 6

图1 矩形光滑U通道中二次流和径向速度分布的概念图

Fig. 1 Conceptual diagram of secondary flow and radial flow profile in a rotating rectangular smooth U channel

图2 不同旋转数下方形光滑U通道内速度分布

Fig. 2 Flow profiles in a square smooth U channel under different rotation numbers

图3 旋转无加热条件下，科氏力和浮升力对径向速度分布影响的概念图

Fig. 3 Conceptual diagram about the influence of Coriolis force and buoyancy on radial flow profile under non-heated rotating condition

图4 动叶中传统蛇形内冷通道的截面概念示意图

Fig. 4 Schematic cross-section diagram of conventional serpentine internal channel in a blade

图5 3种旋转通道在动叶内布置的几何概念图

Fig. 5 Geometric conceptual diagram of three rotating cooling channels arranged inside blades

图6 传统U形通道、双侧强化U形通道和转90°三通道的前缘面和尾缘面平均努塞尔数比的对比曲线图

Fig. 6 Comparison curves of average Nusselt number ratio on the leading and trailing walls of conventional U channel, bifacial-enhanced U channel, and 90° three-channel channel

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