Renewable Energy Distribution Network Overcurrent Protection Based on Positive-Sequence Sudden-Change Component Locus Identification

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23078

Abstract

Abstract:

Objectives With the widespread integration of renewable energy, the uncertainty of power flow in distribution networks with neutral points grounded through small resistors has made the setting of traditional three-stage current protection increasingly complex, and reduced its sensitivity and reliability. To solve the above issues, a new type of current protection based on positive sequence sudden-change variable current phasor trajectory identification was proposed. Methods Firstly, the magnitude and distribution characteristics of the positive sequence sudden-change variable current upstream and downstream of the fault point were analyzed. Secondly, using the affinity clustering algorithm, the defined “main fault path” based on the clustering results was identified. Finally, a novel searching method was proposed to identify the source of the positive sequence sudden-change variable, which was the last level feeder located on the main fault path, as the faulted feeder. Results Simulation research based on PSCAD shows that the proposed protection method can adapt to various fault conditions, is immune to the integration of renewable energy, and has high sensitivity and reliability. Conclusions The research findings are helpful to enhance the operational safety of distribution networks with neutral points grounded through small resistors, and improve the efficiency of fault detection.

Key words: renewable energy, distribution network, relay protection, positive-sequence sudden-change component, affinity clustering algorithm

CLC Number:

TK 01

Weijie WANG, Xinjie ZENG, Yuantu XU, Shuyi LI, Canhua RUAN, Ning TONG, Xiaomei WU. Renewable Energy Distribution Network Overcurrent Protection Based on Positive-Sequence Sudden-Change Component Locus Identification[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(4): 753-764.

Figures/Tables 24

Fig. 1 Diagram of the fault superimposed network

Fig. 2 Equivalent topology of 10 kV distribution network

Tab. 1 Feeder parameters

参数	电阻	电感	电导
序	正/负序；零序	正/负序；零序	正/负序；零序
电抗/(Ω/km)	0.157；0.235	0.103；0.154	1.22×10^-5；8.15×10^-6

Tab. 2 Feeder configurations

馈线编号	馈线类型	馈线长度/km
L₁	电缆	1.00
L₂	电缆	1.00
L₃	电缆	0.65
L₂₁	电缆	1.00
L₂₂	电缆	1.00
L₃₁	电缆	0.60
L₃₂	电缆	0.60
L₃₂₁	电缆	0.94
L₃₂₂	电缆	1.20
L₃₂₁₁	电缆	0.52
L₃₂₁₂	电缆	0.52
L₃₂₂₁	电缆	0.44

Fig. 3 Angle difference under different frequencies

Fig. 4 Division of feeder grade

Fig. 5 Flowchart of protection criterion

Tab. 3 Amplitude and phase angle of positive sequence sudden-change variable under fault scenario 1

馈线编号	幅值/kA	相角/(°)
L₁	0.005 5	11.21
L₂	0.009 9	17.09
L₃	0.022 4	-159.87
L₂₁	0.004 6	19.49
L₂₂	0.005 3	15.01
L₃₁	0.006 4	5.96
L₃₂	0.028 6	-163.02
L₃₂₁	0.037 1	-165.10
L₃₂₂	0.008 6	7.94
L₃₂₁₁	0.048 7	-167.38
L₃₂₁₂	0.011 7	5.34
L₃₂₂₁	0.008 6	7.94

Fig. 6 Positive sequence sudden-change variable current phasor trajectory of fault scenario 1

Fig. 7 Clustering results of fault scenario 1

Fig. 8 Clustering center of scenario 1

Tab. 4 Amplitude and phase angle of positive sequence sudden-change variable under scenario 2

馈线编号	幅值/kA	相角/(°)
L₁	0.167 3	27.35
L₂	0.812 1	-144.44
L₃	0.430 3	30.21
L₂₁	0.218 1	30.21
L₂₂	1.029 5	-145.57
L₃₁	0.123 4	27.56
L₃₂	0.307 9	35.97
L₃₂₁	0.200 9	36.40
L₃₂₂	0.107 0	35.17
L₃₂₁₁	0.100 5	36.40
L₃₂₁₂	0.100 5	36.40
L₃₂₂₁	0.107 0	35.17

Fig. 9 Positive sequence sudden-change variable current phasor trajectory of fault scenario 2

Fig. 10 Clustering results of fault scenario 2

Fig. 11 Clustering center of scenario 2

Tab. 5 Amplitude and phase angle of positive sequence sudden-change variable under scenario 3

馈线编号	幅值/kA	相角/(°)
L₁	0.730 8	19.65
L₂	1.301 4	24.80
L₃	1.876 1	24.70
L₂₁	0.608 2	27.06
L₂₂	0.694 1	22.82
L₃₁	0.534 6	18.67
L₃₂	1.345 7	27.11
L₃₂₁	0.878 3	27.54
L₃₂₂	0.467 4	26.30
L₃₂₁₁	0.439 1	27.54
L₃₂₁₂	0.439 1	27.54
L₃₂₂₁	0.467 4	26.30

Fig. 12 Positive sequence sudden-change variable current phasor trajectory of fault scenario 3

Fig. 13 Clustering results of fault scenario 3

Fig. 14 Clustering center of fault scenario 3

Fig. 15 Equivalent topology considering distributed generation access

Fig. 16 Positive sequence sudden-change variable current phasor trajectory considering distributed generation access

Fig. 17 Positive sequence sudden-change variable current phasor trajectory under high resistance grounding scenario

Fig. 18 Equivalent topology with unmeasurable branches

Fig. 19 Positive sequence sudden-change variable current phasor trajectory with unmeasurable branches

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