Research Status of Gas Turbine Exhaust Diffuser

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21032

Abstract

Abstract:

Gas turbine is the important equipment used in security and economic field of the country. The aerodynamic performance of exhaust diffuser has an important influence on the thermodynamic efficiency of gas turbine. The flow interaction between the exhaust diffuser and the upstream turbine and the complex geometrical configurations leads to the strong vortex pattern and high flow losses in the diffuser which reduces the performance of the upstream turbine and exhaust diffuser. In order to investigate the flow characteristics of diffusers and the coupling mechanism between the diffuser and the turbine, the research status of aerodynamic performance and optimal design of diffusers at home and abroad was reviewed. The prospect of research on the design and optimization of the diffuser was discussed. The interaction between the turbine and the diffuser should be fully considered in future research. Parameterization and other methods were introduced into the optimal design of the diffuser to improve the working efficiency.

Key words: gas turbine, exhaust diffuser, performance research

CLC Number:

TK05

Bin QIU, Jinglun FU. Research Status of Gas Turbine Exhaust Diffuser[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(4): 437-446.

Figures/Tables 11

Tab. 1 Exhaust structure and exhaust parameters of the world's main heavy-duty gas turbines

厂家	机型	排气形式	排气流量/(kg/s)	排气温度/℃	轴向长度/m
三菱	M701D	冷端输出轴向排气	453	542	11.9
	M701F		748	630	14.3
	M701J		896	630	16.7
	M701JAC		765	663	16.7
GE	9E	热端输出径向排气	-	538	20
	9FA	冷端输出轴向排气	624	609	22.6
	9HA01	冷端输出轴向排气	996	636	-
西门子	SGT5-2000E	冷端输出轴向排气	558	536	10.3
	SGT5-4000F		752	599	10.8
	SGT5-8000H		953	630	12.6

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of M701J gas turbine

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of gas turbine of Siemens

Fig.3 Static pressure recovery for different diffusers

Fig.4 Schematic diagram oforiginal diffuser and two improved annular diffusers

Fig.5 Static pressure recovery for three diffusers

Fig.6 Comparison of baseline and parameterized design of diffusers

Fig.7 Comparison of original struts and optimized struts

Fig.8 Pressure distribution of diffuser before and afterdesign

Fig.9 Pressure distribution diagram of optimized diffuser

Fig.10 Comparison of streamlines betweenoptimized model and initial one

References 49

1	SARABANAMUTTOO H I H, ROGERS G F C, COHEN H, et al. Gas turbine theory[M]. Seventh Edition. United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited, 2017: 185-186.
2	郑露霞, 张士杰, 王波, 等. GE公司重型燃气轮机透平冷气量和燃气初温推测[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39 (23): 6934- 6943.
	ZHENG L X , ZHANG S J , WANG B , et al. The cooling air and firing temperature estimation for GE's heavy duty gas turbines[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39 (23): 6934- 6943.
3	付经伦, 周嗣京, 刘建军. 轴流透平与排汽系统间流场相互作用研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2008, 29 (4): 567- 572. DOI
	FU J L , ZHOU S J , LIU J J . Investigation of interactions between axial turbine and exhaust hood[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2008, 29 (4): 567- 572. DOI
4	中国东方汽轮机有限公司. 日本三菱重工株式会社. 东方-三菱M701F型燃气轮机说明书[Z]. 成都: 中国东方汽轮机有限公司, 2008.
	China Dongfang Turbine Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Corporation of Japan. Orient-Mitsubishi M701F Gas Turbine Manual[Z]. Chengdu: China Dongfang Turbine Co., Ltd., 2018.
5	三菱电力株式会社. M701J系列燃气轮机[EB/OL]. [2021-04-01]. https://power.mhi.com/jp/sitemap.html.
	Mitsubishi Electric Power Corporation: M701J series gas turbine[EB/OL]. [2021-04-01]. https://power.mhi.com/jp/sitemap.html.
6	燃机技术: GE9F燃气轮机结构介绍[EB/OL]. (2017-11-14)[2021-04-01]. https://www.sohu.com/a/204410160_752692.
	Gas turbine technology: GE9F gas turbine structure is introduced[EB/OL]. (2017-11-14)[2021-04-01]. https://www.sohu.com/a/204410160_752692.
7	MIMIC D. Turbine-diffuser interaction[D]. Hannover: Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2021.
8	THAYER E B . Evaluation of curved wall annular diffusers[J]. ASME Paper, 1971, 71, 26- 35.
9	STEFANO U , UMBERTO D . Experimental performance analysis of an annular diffuser with and without struts[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2000, 22, 183- 195. DOI
10	RUNSTADLER P W, DOLAN F X, DEAN R C. Diffuser data book[M]. Creare Inc., 1975: 170-186.
11	王广. 汽轮机轴向排气缸扩压器内流动的数值分析与模态分析[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2018.
	WANG G. Numerical analysis and mode decomposition of flow in axial exhaust hood diffuser of steam turbine[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2018.
12	STEFANO U , UMBERTO D . Flow development and turbulence length scales within an annular gas turbine exhaust diffuser[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2000, 22 (1/2): 55- 70.
13	PRAKASH R, SUDHAKAR P, MAHALAKSHMI N V. An experimental analysis of flow through annular diffuser with and without struts[C]//Aachen ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference, 2006: 87-92.
14	FRIC T F , VILLARREAL R , AUER R O , et al. Vortex shedding from struts in an annular exhaust diffuser[J]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998, 120 (1): 186- 192.
15	董雨轩, 李志刚, 李军. 支撑板型线和径向倾斜设计对燃气轮机排气扩压器气动性能的影响[J]. 推进技术, 2021, 42 (6): 1245- 1255.
	DONG Y X , LI Z G , LI J . Effects of airfoil and radial tilt design of struts on aerodynamic performance of gas turbine exhaust diffuser[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2021, 42 (6): 1245- 1255.
16	PRADEEP A M, ROY B, VAIBHA V, et al. Study of gas turbine exhaust diffuser performance and its enhancement by shape modifications[C]//ASME Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, & Air, 2010.
17	KUMAR D S , KUMAR K L . Effect of swirl on pressure recovery in annular diffusers[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 1980, 22, 305- 313. DOI
18	BROWN K, GUILLOT S, NG W, et al. Experimental investigation of gas turbine axial diffuser performance: part I: parametric analysis of influential variables[C]//ASME 2020 Turbo Expo Conference (TE20), 2020.
19	VOLKMER S, HIRSCHMANN A, CASEY M, et al. The impact of a tip leakage jet on flow separation in axial gas turbine diffusers[C]//9th European Conference on Turbomachinery, Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics, 2011.
20	ZIERER T . Experimental investigation of the flow in diffuser behind an axial flow compressor[J]. ASME Journal of Turbomachinery, 1995, 117, 231- 239. DOI
21	WILLINGER R, HASELBACHER H. The role of rotor tip clearance on the aerodynamic interaction of a last gas turbine stage and exhaust diffuser[C]//ASME International Gas Turbine & Aeroengine Congress, 1998.
22	吴飞, 戴斌, 艾松, 等. 透平末级动叶顶部间隙变化对排气扩压器气动性能的影响[J]. 东方汽轮机, 2017, (4): 24- 29.
	WU F , DAI B , AI S . Influence of last stage rotor tip clearance' variation on aerodynamic performance of exhaust diffuser[J]. Dongfang Turbine, 2017, (4): 24- 29.
23	ZIMMERMANN C, STETTER H. Experimental determination of the flow field in the tip region of a LP-steam turbine[C]//ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition, 1993.
24	Farokhi S. A trade-off study of rotor tip clearance flow in a turbine/exhaust diffuser system[C]//ASME International Gas Turbine Conference & Exhibition, 1987.
25	MIHAILOWITSCH M , SCHATZ M , VOGT D M . Numerical investigations of an axial exhaust diffuser coupling the last stage of a generic gas turbine[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2019, 141 (3): 1025- 1033.
26	BABU M, BHATIA D, SHUKLA R K, et al. Effect of turbine tip leakage flows on exhaust diffuser performance[C]//ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference & Exposition, 2011.
27	VASSILIEV V, IRMISCH S, FLORJANCIC S. CFD analysis of industrial gas turbine exhaust diffusers[C]//ASME Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, & Air. 2002.
28	HIRSCHMANN A, VOLKMER S. The influence of the total pressure profile on the performance of axial gas turbine diffusers[C]//ASME Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, & Air, 2010.
29	DAVID K , HORST S . Effect of wakes and secondary flow on re-attachment of turbine exit annular diffuser flow[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2009, 131, 1- 12.
30	DAVID K, ALEXANDER W, WERNER V. Impact of gas turbine outflow on diffuser performance-a numerical study[C]//Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2004, 2014.
31	OPILAT V, SEUME J R. The effect of the operating conditions of the last turbine stage on the performance of an axial exhaust diffuser[C]//ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, 2011: 695-704.
32	STEVEN S J , WILLIAMS Q J . The influence of inlet conditions on the performance of annular diffusers[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1980, 102, 357- 363. DOI
33	DESIDERI U, MANFRIDA G. Flow and turbulence survey for a model of gas turbine exhaust diffuser[C]//ASME International Gas Turbine & Aeroengine Congress & Exposition, 1995.
34	VASSILIEV V, IRMISCH S, CLARIDEG M, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of the impact of swirl on the performance of industrial gas turbines exhaust diffusers[C]//ASME Turbo Expo, Collocated with the International Joint Power Generation Conference, 2003.
35	SONG X , GUILLOT S , NG W F , et al. An experimental investigation of the performance impact of swirl on a turbine exhaust diffuser/collector for a series of diffuser strut geometries[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2016, 138 (9): 1- 8.
36	徐倩楠, 吴虎. 基于改进流线曲率法的环形扩压器数值分析[J]. 航空计算技术, 2012, 42 (4): 28- 31. DOI
	XU Q N , WU H . Numerical analysis of annular diffusers for turbomachinery[J]. Aeronautical Computing Technique, 2012, 42 (4): 28- 31. DOI
37	徐自荣, 袁浩, 初鹏, 等. 入口旋流角对排气扩压段气动性能影响的数值研究[J]. 燃气轮机技术, 2018, 31 (1): 30- 34.
	XU Z R , YUAN H , CHU P , et al. Numerical investigation of the impact of inlet swirl on the performance of gas turbines exhaust diffusers[J]. Gas Turbine Technology, 2018, 31 (1): 30- 34.
38	FELDCAMP G K, BIRK A M. Strut losses in a diverging annular diffuser with swirling flow[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea and Air, 2006.
39	OLAF S, JOERG R S. Effects of rotating blade wakes on separation and pressure recovery in turbine exhaust diffusers[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, 2008.
40	FLELGE H U, RLESS W, SEUME J. Swirl and tip leakage flow interaction with struts in axial diffusers[C]//Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo, 2002.
41	PIETRASCH R Z , SEUME J R . Interaction between struts and swirl flow in gas turbine exhaust diffusers[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2005, 14 (4): 314- 320. DOI
42	SULTANIAN B K, SHINICHLRO N. Experimental and 3D CFD investigation in a gas turbine exhaust system[C]//ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition, Stockholm, Sweden, 1998: 98-111.
43	MIMIC D, DRECHSEL B, HERBST F. Correlation between pressure recovery of highly loaded annular diffusers and integral stage design parameters[C]//Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. Charlotte, USA, 2017.
44	SCHAEFER P, HOFMANN W H, GIEB P. Multiobjective optimization for duct and strut design of an annular exhaust diffuser[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. Copenhagen, Denmark. 2012.
45	VASSILIEV V, ROTHBRUST M, IRMISCH S. Refitting of exhaust diffuser of industrial gas turbine[C]//ASME Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, 2008: 979-987.
46	CERANTOLA D J, BIRK A M. Numerically optimizing an annular diffuser using a genetic algorithm with three objectives[C]//ASME Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. 2012: 1033-1042.
47	王镇宇, 钱佳, 戴韧. 基于CFD和正交试验方法的非对称平面扩压器的流动优化[J]. 动力工程学报, 2010, 30 (5): 352- 356.
	WANG Z Y , QIAN J , DAI R . Flow simulation and optimization of the asymmetric plane diffuser based on the CFD and orthogonal test method[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2010, 30 (5): 352- 356.
48	CHRISTIAN M , HEINRICH S . Optimization strategy for a coupled design of the last stage and the successive diffuser in a low pressure steam turbine[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2013, (135): 011013-1-7.
49	林智荣, 石坂浩一, 袁新. 燃气透平末级叶片及扩压器的联合优化[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2005, 26 (1): 47- 50. DOI
	LIN Z R , ISHIZAKA K , YUAN X . Combined optimization of last stage and diffuser for gas turbine[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2005, 26 (1): 47- 50. DOI

[1]	Zeyang CUI, Xiangling KONG, Jinglun FU, Jiajun SHI. An Image-Based Turbine Blade Parameter Inspection Method [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(1): 106-112.
[2]	Yang YANG, Yaoqiang LI, Jinqi ZHANG. Design of Dome Structure for A Lean Premixed Swirled Combustor of Gas Turbine Based on the Numerical Method [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(5): 712-721.
[3]	Yang YANG, Desan GUO, Yaoqiang LI, Jinqi ZHANG. Design of Lean Premixed Multi-Swirl Combustor Dome Structure for Gas Turbine [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(2): 183-192.
[4]	Hongyi ZHANG, Litao QU. Research and Application of Numerical Simulation for Selective Catalytic Reduction Denitration of 9F Gas Turbine [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(1): 78-84.
[5]	Jiangang HAO, Wenming GONG, Yang DING, Danwei ZHENG, Yong LIU. Analysis on Combustion Instability Characteristics of Model Swirl Combustor With Gas Fuel [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(6): 927-934.
[6]	Yunfeng JIN, Chao LIU, Gaofeng DENG, Yunlong GUAN, Jiangang HAO, Haizhou HUANG, Dongxiang JIANG. Cost Benefit Analysis for Maintenance Strategy of Gas Turbine Inlet Filtration System [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(1): 119-125.
[7]	Mingliang BAI, Dongxue ZHANG, Jinfu LIU, Jiao LIU, Daren YU. Anomaly Detection of Gas Turbine Hot Components Based on Deep Autoencoder and Support Vector Data Description [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(4): 422-430.
[8]	Xiangling KONG, Jinglun FU. Computer-Vision Based on Three-dimensional Reconstruction Technology and Its Applications in Gas Turbine Industry [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(4): 454-463.
[9]	Kai WEI, Zhong LUO, Yonghang SUN, Yu WANG. Analysis of Internal Flow Characteristics of Gas Turbine Ejector Mixer with Valve Plate [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(4): 431-436.
[10]	Hua ZHU, Biao YAN, Yusong LIU, Liang LI. Study on Humid Air Turbine Cooling Technique [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(4): 412-421.
[11]	Jin GUAN, Zongze HE, Xiaojing LÜ, Yiwu WENG. Experimental Study on Startup of 30kW Micro Gas Turbine Generator Set [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(4): 404-411.
[12]	Yunfeng JIN, Chao LIU, Gaofeng DENG, Yunlong GUAN, Xin TIAN, Haizhou HUANG, Dongxiang JIANG. Research on Modeling Method of Gas Turbine Inlet Pressure Loss [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(4): 395-403.
[13]	Youhua HUANG, Shanwei MA, Ji LIU, Zhenghua WU. Optimization Design and Engineering Application of Gas Turbine SCR Denitrification System [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(3): 350-356.
[14]	Kejia HU, Jun ZHANG, Tianyu ZHANG, Lixin GAO. Harmonic Analysis of H Class Gas Turbine Generator Starting With Static Frequency Converter Based on Matlab/Simulink Simulation [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2020, 41(6): 697-705.
[15]	Jihui FANG,Rong WANG. Influence of IGV Opening Degree on the Compressor Efficiency of MITSUBISHI F4 Gas Turbine [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2020, 41(3): 317-319.