Performance Analysis of Ammonia-Doped Combustion in Micro Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.260205

Abstract

Abstract:

Objectives Aiming at the problem of high carbon emission of micro gas turbine in distributed energy, this study investigates the combustion characteristics of a 10 kW micro gas turbine combustion chamber under ammonia-blended conditions. Methods CFD simulations coupled with the detailed Okafor mechanism are conducted to analyze the effects of varying ammonia blending ratios and global equivalence ratios on combustion efficiency, NO and CO emissions. Results As the ammonia ratio increases from ^{0 to 1.0, the fluid velocity in the combustion chamber outlet increases from 62.27 m/s to 63.69 m/s, and the total pressure recovery coefficient decreases from 97.81% to 97.18%. Additionally, CO mass fraction significantly decreases to near 0, while the NO mass fraction increases from 1.16×10^-4 to 3.68×10^-4, indicating that ammonia reduces CO emissions but increases NO formation. Combustion efficiency slightly declines from 98.14% to 97.64%. The equivalence ratio has a notable impact on performance and emissions, with lower NO emissions at low equivalence ratios, NO emissions peaking at an equivalence ratio of 1.0, and decreasing under fuel-rich conditions, though combustion efficiency also declines. Conclusions The application of methane/ammonia mixtures requires a balance among total pressure recovery coefficient, NO and CO emissions, and combustion efficiency. Further design optimization is needed to achieve efficient and low-emission combustion performance.}

Key words: micro gas turbine, methane/ammonia fuel mixture, combustion characteristics, pollutant emissions, numerical simulation, ammonia blending ratios, equivalence ratio

CLC Number:

TK 47

Zhiting TONG, Yue FAN, Xinxia LIU, Chao ZHANG. Performance Analysis of Ammonia-Doped Combustion in Micro Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2026, 47(2): 274-284.

Figures/Tables 19

Fig. 1 3D model of micro gas turbine

Tab. 1 Main parameters of micro gas turbine

参数	数值
蒸发管数量/个	6
蒸发管内直径/mm	6.0
火焰筒内、外直径/mm	61.0、117.0
火焰筒高度/mm	137.0
主燃孔1、2直径/mm	1.5、2.0
补燃孔1、2直径/mm	2.0、3.0
掺混孔1、2直径/mm	6.5、4.5
火焰筒壁厚/mm	2.0
燃气轮机外壳内、外直径/mm	48.0、144.0
燃气轮机外壳高度/mm	325.0
燃气轮机外壳厚度/mm	5.5
空气质量流量/(kg/s)	0.11
空气温度/K	430
燃料质量流量/(kg/s)	0.001 837
燃料温度/K	300
压力/kPa	310

Fig. 2 Mesh of combustion chamber

Fig. 3 Mesh-independent verification

Fig. 4 Comparison of experimental with numerical calculation results

Fig. 5 Comparison of average temperature and CO2 volumetric fraction at combustion chamber outlet between experimental and numerical results

Fig. 6 Velocity streamline at different sections

Fig. 7 Cross-sectional velocity streamline of primary combustion zone

Fig. 8 Cross-sectional velocity streamline of supplementary combustion zone

Fig. 9 Cross-sectional velocity streamline of mixing zone

Fig. 10 Temperature distribution in different sections of combustion chamber

Fig. 11 Temperature distribution at combustion chamber outlet

Tab. 2 Fuel flow and lower heating value of combustion chamber with different ammonia blending ratios

掺氨比	燃料质量流量/(kg/s)	燃料低热值/(kJ/kg)
0	0.001 837	50 028.0
0.1	0.001 960	46 885.6
0.2	0.002 101	43 743.2
0.3	0.002 264	40 600.8
0.4	0.002 453	37 458.4
0.5	0.002 678	34 316.0
0.6	0.002 948	31 173.6
0.7	0.003 279	28 031.2
0.8	0.003 692	24 888.8
0.9	0.004 226	21 746.4
1.0	0.004 940	18 604.0

Fig. 12 Axially averaged temperature of combustion chamber with different ammonia blending ratios

Fig. 13 Combustion chamber outlet gas velocity and total pressure recovery coefficients at different ammonia blending ratios

Fig. 14 NO and CO emissions from combustion chamber with different ammonia blending ratios

Tab. 3 Performance indicators of combustion chamber with different ammonia blending ratios

掺氨比	ξ_OTDF	总压恢复系数/%	燃烧效率/%
0	0.43	97.81	98.14
0.1	0.43	97.75	98.05
0.2	0.42	97.70	97.99
0.3	0.41	97.53	97.98
0.4	0.39	97.50	97.93
0.5	0.38	97.46	97.90
0.6	0.36	97.41	97.82
0.7	0.34	97.38	97.79
0.8	0.30	97.34	97.76
0.9	0.28	97.29	97.75
1.0	0.24	97.18	97.64

Fig. 15 Combustion efficiency at different equivalence ratios and ammonia blending ratios

Fig. 16 NO emissions at different equivalence ratios

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