Power Generation Technology ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 556-569.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.25021
• New Energy • Previous Articles
Yongkang WANG, Jun YI, Xiaodi XIE
Received:2025-01-07
Revised:2025-03-10
Published:2025-06-30
Online:2025-06-16
Supported by:CLC Number:
Yongkang WANG, Jun YI, Xiaodi XIE. Review of Wind-Solar-Hydrogen-Ammonia-Methanol Integrated Technologies and Industry[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(3): 556-569.
| 参数 | AEC | PEM电解槽 | SOEC |
|---|---|---|---|
| 电解质 | KOH溶液 | PEM | Y2O3/ZrO2 |
| 运行温度/℃ | 70~90 | 50~80 | 600~1 000 |
| 电解效率/% | 60~75 | 70~90 | 85~100 |
| 电极/催化剂 | 镍、钴、锰 | 铂、铱、金 | 镍、钴、铁 |
| 使用寿命/a | 20~30 | 10~20 | 2~3 |
| 直流能耗/(kW⋅h/m3) | 4.5~5.5 | 3.8~5.0 | 2.6~3.6 |
| 电流密度/(A⋅cm-2) | 0.2~0.4 | 1~2 | 1~10 |
| 技术阶段 | 产业化应用 | 商业化初期 | 研发和示范阶段 |
| 环保特性 | 碱液污染 | 无污染 | 无污染 |
Tab. 1 Comparison of mainstream technological routes for hydrogen production through water electrolysis
| 参数 | AEC | PEM电解槽 | SOEC |
|---|---|---|---|
| 电解质 | KOH溶液 | PEM | Y2O3/ZrO2 |
| 运行温度/℃ | 70~90 | 50~80 | 600~1 000 |
| 电解效率/% | 60~75 | 70~90 | 85~100 |
| 电极/催化剂 | 镍、钴、锰 | 铂、铱、金 | 镍、钴、铁 |
| 使用寿命/a | 20~30 | 10~20 | 2~3 |
| 直流能耗/(kW⋅h/m3) | 4.5~5.5 | 3.8~5.0 | 2.6~3.6 |
| 电流密度/(A⋅cm-2) | 0.2~0.4 | 1~2 | 1~10 |
| 技术阶段 | 产业化应用 | 商业化初期 | 研发和示范阶段 |
| 环保特性 | 碱液污染 | 无污染 | 无污染 |
| 制氢技术 | 原料价格 | 成本 |
|---|---|---|
| 煤制氢 | 煤价600~1 000元/t | 15 000~20 000元/t |
| 天然气重整制氢 | 天然气价2.5~4.5元/m3 | 16 000~22 000元/t |
| 电解水制氢 | 电价0.4元/(kW⋅h) | 28 000~32 000元/t |
Tab. 2 Cost comparison of different hydrogen production technologies
| 制氢技术 | 原料价格 | 成本 |
|---|---|---|
| 煤制氢 | 煤价600~1 000元/t | 15 000~20 000元/t |
| 天然气重整制氢 | 天然气价2.5~4.5元/m3 | 16 000~22 000元/t |
| 电解水制氢 | 电价0.4元/(kW⋅h) | 28 000~32 000元/t |
| 制氨工艺 | 原料价格 | 成本/(元/t) |
|---|---|---|
| 煤制合成氨 | 煤价600~1 000元/t | 2 100~2 600 |
| 绿氨工艺 | 电价0.4元/(kW⋅h), 绿氢价28 000~32 000元/t | 4 000~4 500 |
Tab. 3 Cost comparison of different ammonia synthesis processes
| 制氨工艺 | 原料价格 | 成本/(元/t) |
|---|---|---|
| 煤制合成氨 | 煤价600~1 000元/t | 2 100~2 600 |
| 绿氨工艺 | 电价0.4元/(kW⋅h), 绿氢价28 000~32 000元/t | 4 000~4 500 |
| 技术路线 | 煤制甲醇 | 生物质制甲醇 | 电制甲醇 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 成本/(元/t) | 2 100~2 800 | 3 400~5 300 | 4 600~5 500 |
Tab. 4 Cost comparison of methanol production
| 技术路线 | 煤制甲醇 | 生物质制甲醇 | 电制甲醇 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 成本/(元/t) | 2 100~2 800 | 3 400~5 300 | 4 600~5 500 |
| 发布主体 | 政策名称 | 相关政策内容概述 |
|---|---|---|
| 工业和信息化部等部门 | 《工业领域碳达峰实施方案》 | 支持氢能全产业链发展,鼓励因地制宜开展可再生能源制氢,绿氢合成绿氨、绿色甲醇 |
| 国家发改委等部门 | 《关于大力实施可再生能源替代行动的指导意见》 | 在合成氨、合成甲醇等领域鼓励低碳氢规模化替代高碳氢,探索建设风光氢氨醇一体化基地 |
| 国家发改委等部门 | 《关于推动现代煤化工产业健康发展的通知》 | 在资源禀赋和产业基础较好的地区,推动现代煤化工与可再生能源、绿氢、绿氨、二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存等耦合创新发展 |
| 工业和信息化部 | 《新型储能制造业高质量发展行动方案》(征求意见稿) | 拓展风光储氢等新能源应用场景,打通绿电-绿氢-绿氨/绿色甲醇产业链,推动多能互补 |
Tab. 5 Selected national-level policies from the past three years
| 发布主体 | 政策名称 | 相关政策内容概述 |
|---|---|---|
| 工业和信息化部等部门 | 《工业领域碳达峰实施方案》 | 支持氢能全产业链发展,鼓励因地制宜开展可再生能源制氢,绿氢合成绿氨、绿色甲醇 |
| 国家发改委等部门 | 《关于大力实施可再生能源替代行动的指导意见》 | 在合成氨、合成甲醇等领域鼓励低碳氢规模化替代高碳氢,探索建设风光氢氨醇一体化基地 |
| 国家发改委等部门 | 《关于推动现代煤化工产业健康发展的通知》 | 在资源禀赋和产业基础较好的地区,推动现代煤化工与可再生能源、绿氢、绿氨、二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存等耦合创新发展 |
| 工业和信息化部 | 《新型储能制造业高质量发展行动方案》(征求意见稿) | 拓展风光储氢等新能源应用场景,打通绿电-绿氢-绿氨/绿色甲醇产业链,推动多能互补 |
| 发布主体 | 政策名称 | 相关政策内容概述 |
|---|---|---|
| 吉林省 | 《“氢动吉林”中长期发展规划(2021—2035年)》 | 积极推进风电及光伏制氢,实现绿氢在工业领域多元化应用 |
| 新疆维吾尔自治区 | 《自治区氢能产业发展三年行动方案(2023—2025年)》 | 以源网荷储一体化方式开展可再生能源制氢、氢能规模发电、合成氨、甲醇等试点项目,切实拓宽新能源应用场景,形成新能源就地消纳优势 |
| 山东省 | 《关于健全完善新能源消纳体系机制促进能源高质量发展的若干措施》 | 依托鲁北大型风光基地、海上风电基地等新能源规模化开发,探索建设可作为调峰资源的绿氢(氨、醇)项目,支持“风光氢氨醇”项目整体化推进 |
| 安徽省 | 《安徽省氢能产业高质量发展三年行动计划》 | 积极推进氢能在钢铁、电力等重点领域示范应用,引导合成氨、甲醇、炼化等行业由高碳工艺向低碳工业转变 |
| 内蒙古自治区包头市 | 《包头市氢能产业发展规划(2023—2030年)》 | 依托包头市绿氢合成氨、绿氢甲醇等项目进展,研究探索将液氨、甲醇等富氢产品作为储氢介质的输送技术路径和商业模式 |
Tab. 6 Selected local-level policies from the past three years
| 发布主体 | 政策名称 | 相关政策内容概述 |
|---|---|---|
| 吉林省 | 《“氢动吉林”中长期发展规划(2021—2035年)》 | 积极推进风电及光伏制氢,实现绿氢在工业领域多元化应用 |
| 新疆维吾尔自治区 | 《自治区氢能产业发展三年行动方案(2023—2025年)》 | 以源网荷储一体化方式开展可再生能源制氢、氢能规模发电、合成氨、甲醇等试点项目,切实拓宽新能源应用场景,形成新能源就地消纳优势 |
| 山东省 | 《关于健全完善新能源消纳体系机制促进能源高质量发展的若干措施》 | 依托鲁北大型风光基地、海上风电基地等新能源规模化开发,探索建设可作为调峰资源的绿氢(氨、醇)项目,支持“风光氢氨醇”项目整体化推进 |
| 安徽省 | 《安徽省氢能产业高质量发展三年行动计划》 | 积极推进氢能在钢铁、电力等重点领域示范应用,引导合成氨、甲醇、炼化等行业由高碳工艺向低碳工业转变 |
| 内蒙古自治区包头市 | 《包头市氢能产业发展规划(2023—2030年)》 | 依托包头市绿氢合成氨、绿氢甲醇等项目进展,研究探索将液氨、甲醇等富氢产品作为储氢介质的输送技术路径和商业模式 |
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