Power Generation Technology ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 406-421.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.260217
• Energy Storage • Previous Articles
Xin LI1, Guqiang WEI2, Tongbo QIANG2, Gangji ZHENG2, Liubiao CHEN3, Wei JI1
Received:2025-04-10
Revised:2025-06-15
Published:2026-04-30
Online:2026-04-21
Supported by:CLC Number:
Xin LI, Guqiang WEI, Tongbo QIANG, Gangji ZHENG, Liubiao CHEN, Wei JI. Research Progress on Compressed Air Energy Storage and Hydrogen Energy Coupling Systems[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2026, 47(2): 406-421.
| 耦合系统类型 | 技术路线特点 | 存在的问题及未来研究方向 |
|---|---|---|
| 基于冷能利用的耦合系统 | 实现液态氢气化同时提高液态空气储能系统效率,或实现液态空气的冷量利用同时强化氢液化过程 | 1)研究相对较少,难以对不同冷能利用技术路线定量对比,需要进一步优化氢能-液态空气储能耦合系统集成设计;2)超临界空气/氢气大温跨、小温差换热设备设计及高效蓄冷换热技术开发;3)大型液氢球罐的设计制造;4)大型液氢输送泵的设计制造 |
| 基于压缩空气储能联产氢的耦合系统 | 低谷电分别用于电解水制氢和压缩空气储能,实现低谷电的最优配置 | 1)解决具有间歇运行特性的压缩空气储能系统与不适合频繁启停的电解槽装置的匹配问题; 2)电解水制氢的关键技术 |
| 基于氢气与压缩空气燃烧发电的耦合系统 | 在压缩空气联产氢系统的基础上,取出部分氢气与压缩空气用于燃烧发电 | 1)受氢燃气轮机设备的制约,需要加深对氢气燃烧机理的理解,突破氢燃气轮机技术;2)电解水制氢的关键技术 |
| 氢气甲烷化与压缩空气燃烧发电耦合系统 | 氢气先与二氧化碳反应生成甲烷,再与压缩空气燃烧发电 | 1)二氧化碳与氢气甲烷化反应机理与控制策略; 2)低成本催化剂开发、催化剂催化机理及失活机理研究;3)甲烷化反应器优化 |
Tab. 1 Technical characteristics and existing problems of different coupling systems
| 耦合系统类型 | 技术路线特点 | 存在的问题及未来研究方向 |
|---|---|---|
| 基于冷能利用的耦合系统 | 实现液态氢气化同时提高液态空气储能系统效率,或实现液态空气的冷量利用同时强化氢液化过程 | 1)研究相对较少,难以对不同冷能利用技术路线定量对比,需要进一步优化氢能-液态空气储能耦合系统集成设计;2)超临界空气/氢气大温跨、小温差换热设备设计及高效蓄冷换热技术开发;3)大型液氢球罐的设计制造;4)大型液氢输送泵的设计制造 |
| 基于压缩空气储能联产氢的耦合系统 | 低谷电分别用于电解水制氢和压缩空气储能,实现低谷电的最优配置 | 1)解决具有间歇运行特性的压缩空气储能系统与不适合频繁启停的电解槽装置的匹配问题; 2)电解水制氢的关键技术 |
| 基于氢气与压缩空气燃烧发电的耦合系统 | 在压缩空气联产氢系统的基础上,取出部分氢气与压缩空气用于燃烧发电 | 1)受氢燃气轮机设备的制约,需要加深对氢气燃烧机理的理解,突破氢燃气轮机技术;2)电解水制氢的关键技术 |
| 氢气甲烷化与压缩空气燃烧发电耦合系统 | 氢气先与二氧化碳反应生成甲烷,再与压缩空气燃烧发电 | 1)二氧化碳与氢气甲烷化反应机理与控制策略; 2)低成本催化剂开发、催化剂催化机理及失活机理研究;3)甲烷化反应器优化 |
| 项目 | 比重 | 热扩散系数/(mm2⋅s-1) | 动量扩散系数/(mm2⋅s-1) | 空气中质量扩散系数/(mm2⋅s-1) | 质量低热值/(MJ⋅kg-1) | 体积低热值/ (MJ⋅m-3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 氢气 | 0.07 | 153.26 | 105.77 | 78.79 | 119.93 | 10.05 |
| 甲烷 | 0.55 | 23.69 | 16.81 | 23.98 | 50.02 | 33.36 |
| 项目 | 自燃温度/K | 空气中可燃极限体积分数/% | 空气中最小点火能/mJ | 空气中最高绝热火焰温度/K | 空气中最大层流火焰 速度/(cm⋅s-1) | |
| 氢气 | 858 | 4~75 | 0.02 | 2 376 | 306 | |
| 甲烷 | 813 | 5.3~15 | 0.29 | 2 223 | 37.6 |
Tab. 2 Thermophysical and chemical properties of hydrogen and methane
| 项目 | 比重 | 热扩散系数/(mm2⋅s-1) | 动量扩散系数/(mm2⋅s-1) | 空气中质量扩散系数/(mm2⋅s-1) | 质量低热值/(MJ⋅kg-1) | 体积低热值/ (MJ⋅m-3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 氢气 | 0.07 | 153.26 | 105.77 | 78.79 | 119.93 | 10.05 |
| 甲烷 | 0.55 | 23.69 | 16.81 | 23.98 | 50.02 | 33.36 |
| 项目 | 自燃温度/K | 空气中可燃极限体积分数/% | 空气中最小点火能/mJ | 空气中最高绝热火焰温度/K | 空气中最大层流火焰 速度/(cm⋅s-1) | |
| 氢气 | 858 | 4~75 | 0.02 | 2 376 | 306 | |
| 甲烷 | 813 | 5.3~15 | 0.29 | 2 223 | 37.6 |
| 燃烧器类型 | 混合及燃烧方式 | 优点 | 缺点 | 改进方法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 扩散燃烧器 | 燃气直接喷入空气中 | 燃烧稳定,可以使用多种燃料 | NO x 排放量大 | 通过注入水/水蒸气减少火焰高温部分产生的NO x |
| 干式低排放燃烧器 | 燃料、空气混合后再喷射和燃烧,为无水燃烧 | 可通过燃料稀释或者尾气循环燃烧来降低NO x 排放 | 只能在一定条件下稳定燃烧,有可能引起回火、断火以及爆震等问题 | 1)安装微小氢火焰喷嘴的逆流式筒型燃烧器(日本川崎重工); 2)多点燃烧器(日本三菱重工) |
Tab. 3 Principles, advantages, and disadvantages of different burners
| 燃烧器类型 | 混合及燃烧方式 | 优点 | 缺点 | 改进方法 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 扩散燃烧器 | 燃气直接喷入空气中 | 燃烧稳定,可以使用多种燃料 | NO x 排放量大 | 通过注入水/水蒸气减少火焰高温部分产生的NO x |
| 干式低排放燃烧器 | 燃料、空气混合后再喷射和燃烧,为无水燃烧 | 可通过燃料稀释或者尾气循环燃烧来降低NO x 排放 | 只能在一定条件下稳定燃烧,有可能引起回火、断火以及爆震等问题 | 1)安装微小氢火焰喷嘴的逆流式筒型燃烧器(日本川崎重工); 2)多点燃烧器(日本三菱重工) |
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