Improved Frequency Regulation Control Strategy of Wind Power Considering Random Fluctuation Characteristics of Source-Load

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.260213

Abstract

Abstract:

Objectives Large-scale wind power integration leads to a decrease in grid inertia, and the fluctuating power of wind turbines combined with random fluctuation of load under turbulent wind speed aggravates the frequency fluctuation in the power grid. Therefore, a wind power control strategy is proposed based on the comprehensive fluctuation of source-load, considering their random fluctuation characteristics. Methods A mechanistic analysis is conducted to address the issue where traditional droop control strategy fails to provide reasonable power in response to source-load fluctuations at different levels, leading to poor frequency regulation performance. Based on the predicted turbulent wind speed and load fluctuations, a comprehensive variation of source-load is constructed. A frequency regulation control strategy based on the comprehensive variation of source-load is proposed, which involves feedforward correction of the active power reference value of the wind turbine to improve the wind turbine’s participation in grid frequency regulation. Results The results of MATLAB simulation and wind turbine experimental platform show that this strategy improves the responsiveness of wind turbine frequency regulation to wind speed fluctuation, and demonstrates a significant advantage in terms of average frequency deviation and degree of frequency drop under random source-load fluctuations. Conclusions This strategy effectively improves the issue between the wind turbine’s own operation and its participation in frequency regulation under source-load fluctuations, and is of significant importance for improving the frequency regulation capability of power grids with a high proportion of renewable energy.

Key words: dual carbon, wind power, droop control, primary frequency regulation, turbulence characteristics, source-load fluctuation

CLC Number:

TK 81

Xiaolian ZHANG, Qi HU, Sipeng HAO, Peng HUANG. Improved Frequency Regulation Control Strategy of Wind Power Considering Random Fluctuation Characteristics of Source-Load[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2026, 47(2): 359-369.

Figures/Tables 21

Fig. 1 First-order frequency response model of power grid

Fig. 2 Droop control flow

Fig. 3 8A wind speed

Fig. 4 Frequency deviation of 5% load fluctuation under 8A wind speed

Fig. 5 Frequency deviation of 10% load fluctuation under 8A wind speed

Fig. 6 Control block diagram considering source-load random fluctuation characteristics

Fig. 7 Flow chart of feedforward source-load power calculation

Tab. 1 Wind speed scenario

场景	湍流等级	负荷突增突变时间/s
1	A	100
2	A	155
3	B	100
4	B	155
5	C	100
6	C	155

Tab. 2 Simulation parameters

对象	参数	数值
风机参数	R/m	20
	H_w/s	5.54
	λ_opt	5.8
	C $p m a x$	0.460 3
电网参数	H_d/s	4
	D_S	1
	K_m	0.95
	F_H	0.3
	T_Re/s	8.0
	R_G	0.05
控制器参数	K_d	2×10⁵

Tab. 2 Simulation parameters

对象	参数	数值
风机参数	R/m	20
	H_w/s	5.54
	λ_opt	5.8
	C $p m a x$	0.460 3
电网参数	H_d/s	4
	D_S	1
	K_m	0.95
	F_H	0.3
	T_Re/s	8.0
	R_G	0.05
控制器参数	K_d	2×10⁵

Fig. 8 Frequency deviation of level A turbulent wind

Tab. 3 Level A turbulence data

场景	评估指标	SSL	STC	下垂控制
场景1	平均频率偏差/Hz	-0.084 54	-0.084 58	-0.084 61
	频率最低点/Hz	-0.193 8	-0.208 6	-0.208 9
	平均频率偏差提升率/%	0.08	0.04
	频率最低点提升率/%	7.23	0.14
场景2	平均频率偏差/Hz	0.049 79	0.050 18	0.050 13
	频率最低点/Hz	-0.232 7	-0.234 9	-0.244 4
	平均频率偏差提升率/%	0.69	-0.09
	频率最低点提升率/%	4.79	3.87

Fig. 9 Frequency deviation of level B turbulent wind

Tab. 4 Level B turbulence data

场景	评估指标	SSL	STC	下垂控制
场景3	平均频率偏差/Hz	-0.055 57	-0.055 68	-0.055 75
	频率最低点/Hz	-0.383 5	-0.387 6	-0.399 6
	平均频率偏差提升率/%	0.32	0.13
	频率最低点提升率/%	4.03	3.00
场景4	平均频率偏差/Hz	-0.021 23	-0.021 61	-0.021 61
	频率最低点/Hz	-0.351 7	-0.374 5	-0.373 2
	平均频率偏差提升率/%	1.76	0.00
	频率最低点提升率/%	5.76	-0.35

Fig. 10 Frequency deviations of level C turbulent wind

Tab. 5 Level C turbulence data

场景	评估指标	SSL	STC	下垂控制
场景5	平均频率偏差/Hz	-0.075 99	-0.077 36	-0.077 7
	频率最低点/Hz	-0.320 3	-0.322 5	-0.322
	平均频率偏差提升率/%	2.20	0.44
	频率最低点提升率/%	0.53	-0.16
场景6	平均频率偏差/Hz	-0.054 3	-0.055 4	-0.055 9
	频率最低点/Hz	-0.324 9	-0.331 1	-0.331 5
	平均频率偏差提升率/%	2.86	0.89
	频率最低点提升率/%	1.99	0.12

Fig. 11 Experimental platform

Fig. 12 Step load

Fig. 13 Comparison of frequency regulation effects

Fig. 14 Comparison of wind turbine rotor speeds

Fig. 15 Comparison of wind turbine output power

Tab. 6 Statistical comparison of experimental data

评估指标	SSL	下垂控制
平均频率偏差/Hz	0.032 616	0.037 526
平均频率偏差提升率/%	13.08
第1次频率最低点/Hz	-0.226	-0.240
第1次频率最低点提升率/%	5.83
第2次频率最低点/Hz	-0.16	-0.18
第2次频率最低点提升率/%	11.11

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