Research on Grid-Forming Energy Storage Converters and Control Strategies

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22132

Abstract

Abstract:

The new power system with high proportion of new energy and power electronic equipment is an important means to achieve the goal of “double carbon”, but the new power system will also bring a series of unstable problems. In the new power system, grid-forming control technology (GFM) has the characteristics of voltage support and active inertia, which can replace synchronous machine to realize grid support and maintain power system stability. Therefore, GFM has a broad development and application prospect. Based on this, this paper first briefly introduced the topology of energy storage converter, and selected its type according to the control characteristics of GFM technology. After that, a reasonable summary and analysis of the existing control strategies of GFM was made, the current research difficulties, problems and challenges in the development process and the research prospects were put forward, and the ideas for the construction of grid-forming construction were provided.

Key words: new power system, grid-forming, converter, topology, control strategy

CLC Number:

TK 02

Jianlin LI, Ziyang DING, Haitao LIU, Hang YANG. Research on Grid-Forming Energy Storage Converters and Control Strategies[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(5): 679-686.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 Topology diagram of single-stage energy storage PCS

Fig. 2 Topology diagram of bipolar energy storage PCS

Fig. 3 Topology diagram of three-level energy storage PCS

Fig. 4 Topology diagram of cascade energy storage PCS

Fig. 5 Topology of MMC

Fig. 6 Topology of an MMC submodule

Tab. 1 Comparison of different working modes in MMC

工作模式	开关管T1状态	开关管T2状态	电压 $u s m$	子模块状态
1	导通	关断	$u c$	充电
2	导通	关断	$u c$	放电
3	关断	导通	0	切除
4	关断	导通	0	切除

Tab. 1 Comparison of different working modes in MMC

工作模式	开关管T1状态	开关管T2状态	电压 $u s m$	子模块状态
1	导通	关断	$u c$	充电
2	导通	关断	$u c$	放电
3	关断	导通	0	切除
4	关断	导通	0	切除

Tab.2 Comparison of PCS energy storage

类型	开关管数量	体积和重量	适用电压等级	控制难度	成本	注释
单级式储能PCS	较少	较小	较低	较易	较低	容量配置缺乏一定灵活性，难以适用于较高电压等级的储能系统
双级式储能PCS	较少	较小	较低	较易	较低	容量配置相较于单级式拓扑更为灵活，但能量损耗增加
三电平储能PCS	中等	中等	中等	较易	中等	相较于单双级式拓扑，能输出更高的电平，有效提高变换器并网电流质量
级联型储能PCS	较多	较大	较高	较难	较高	有效规避了大规模储能电池的串联，系统中每个模块可以独立工作且互不影响
MMC储能PCS	较多	较大	较高	较难	较高	MMC存在公共的直流母线，可大大减小储能单元中的纹波电流

Fig. 7 Droop control

Fig. 8 Virtual synchronous generator control

Fig. 9 Matching control

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