A Review of Control Strategies for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22079

Abstract

Abstract:

Supercritical carbon dioxide(S-CO₂) Brayton cycle has great development potential in the field of efficient utilization of clean energy represented by fourth-generation nuclear energy and solar energy. A reasonable and reliable control strategy is the key to ensure the safe, stable, efficient and flexible operation of the S-CO₂ Brayton cycle system. This paper summarized the characteristics of S-CO₂ Brayton cycle control, and summarized and compared the S-CO₂ Brayton cycle control strategies under different application scenarios. The results show that the key control strategies of S-CO₂ Brayton cycle include running state control, impeller machine control, heat source control, etc. The variable load control strategies mainly include volume control, turbine bypass control, turbine inlet throttle control, compressor speed control, etc. The analysis results provide a reference for the selection of S-CO₂ Brayton cycle control strategies in related power generation fields.

Key words: supercritical carbon dioxide, Brayton cycle, control strategy, load change

CLC Number:

TK 01

Xin TANG, Yiran QIAN, Huawei FANG, Yang LI, Siguang LI, Jingwei YI, Weixiong CHEN, Junjie YAN. A Review of Control Strategies for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(4): 492-501.

Figures/Tables 11

References 33

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控制方法	适用范围
容积控制	50%~90%和10%~25%负荷
透平节流控制	0~50%负荷
透平旁路控制	90%~100%负荷，以及在其他负荷时，协助容积和透平节流控制
冷却器旁路控制	所有变负荷时，保持最低温度
冷却水流量控制	所有负荷时，保持冷却器旁路的可操作性
压缩机喘振控制	避免压缩机进入喘振区

控制方法	适用范围
容积控制	50%~90%和10%~25%负荷
透平节流控制	0~50%负荷
透平旁路控制	90%~100%负荷，以及在其他负荷时，协助容积和透平节流控制
冷却器旁路控制	所有变负荷时，保持最低温度
冷却水流量控制	所有负荷时，保持冷却器旁路的可操作性
压缩机喘振控制	避免压缩机进入喘振区

变负荷方法	原理	特征
压缩机转速控制法	改变循环流量，进而改变循环功率	仅适用于压缩机和透平分轴布置；保证循环效率的快速变负荷方法
容积控制法	控制循环工质容量，控制循环压力和流量	循环效率高，但变负荷速度慢；变负荷能力受到储罐容积限制；循环压力有低于临界点的风险
温度控制法	包括压缩机入口和透平出口温度控制。前者通过改变压缩机性能改变流量；后者直接改变透平输出功	会降低循环效率；需要调节反应堆功率来控制温度
透平进口节流阀控制法	降低透平进口压力，降低透平功率	循环效率低，但变负荷速度快；无法达到20%以下负荷；可能会导致压缩机壅塞
透平旁路控制法	减少流过透平流量，降低透平功率	在任意负荷条件下快速调节负荷；除阀门外不需要投入额外设备

变负荷方法	原理	特征
压缩机转速控制法	改变循环流量，进而改变循环功率	仅适用于压缩机和透平分轴布置；保证循环效率的快速变负荷方法
容积控制法	控制循环工质容量，控制循环压力和流量	循环效率高，但变负荷速度慢；变负荷能力受到储罐容积限制；循环压力有低于临界点的风险
温度控制法	包括压缩机入口和透平出口温度控制。前者通过改变压缩机性能改变流量；后者直接改变透平输出功	会降低循环效率；需要调节反应堆功率来控制温度
透平进口节流阀控制法	降低透平进口压力，降低透平功率	循环效率低，但变负荷速度快；无法达到20%以下负荷；可能会导致压缩机壅塞
透平旁路控制法	减少流过透平流量，降低透平功率	在任意负荷条件下快速调节负荷；除阀门外不需要投入额外设备

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