Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic/Thermal Hybrid System Integrated With Phase Change Heat Storage Materials

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22040

Abstract

Abstract:

Incorporating phase change material (PCM) with photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) modules can improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels by increasing the cooling capacity, and the stored heat can also be used rationally. Based on the design of two PV/T modules integrated with phase change heat storage materials, the performances were analyzed numerically and compared with the traditional PV/T panel. The overall performance of integrated system was analyzed from the energy and exergy aspect. The influence of cooling fluid flow was also examined. The results show that the integration of PCM with PV/T module can significantly improve the overall performance of the system. The PV/T system with two phase change heat storage materials have the highest daily total energy efficiency and overall exergic efficiency, reaching 67.65% and 12.86%, respectively. Moreover, the maximum energy per day could reach 3603.2 W·h/m². With the increase of the volume rate of cooling fluid, the overall energy efficiency increases slightly, but the overall exergic efficiency decreases significantly.

Key words: phase change heat storage, photovoltaics/thermal (PV/T), exergy efficiency, solar energy

CLC Number:

TK 02

ABD-HAMID Mohamed, Longyu XIA, Gaosheng WEI, Liu CUI, Chao XU, Xiaoze DU. Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic/Thermal Hybrid System Integrated With Phase Change Heat Storage Materials[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(1): 53-62.

Figures/Tables 17

Tab. 1 Main parameters in model design

参数	数值
玻璃盖尺寸/(mm×mm×mm)	670×465×3.2
太阳能电池尺寸/(mm×mm×mm)	670×465×0.3
Tedlar尺寸/(mm×mm×mm)	670×465×0.5
最大功率/W	40
太阳能电池效率/%	17.3
组件效率/%	12.84
水管外径/mm	9
水管内径/mm	7
水管高度/mm	421
水管间距/mm	10
绝缘(聚氨酯)厚度/mm	10
PCM-a层厚/mm	11
PCM-b层厚/mm	10

Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams of three different PV/T structures

Tab. 2 Thermophysical properties of PCM

参数	PCM-a	PCM-b
熔化温度范围/℃	29~36	27~33
比热容/(kJ⋅kg^-1⋅K^-1)	2	2
蓄热容量/(kJ⋅kg^-1)	160	165
密度/(kg⋅m^-3)	815	820
导热系数/(W⋅m^-1⋅K^-1)	0.2	0.2

Tab. 3 Thermophysical properties of the used materials

材料	密度/(kg/m³)	导热系数/[W/(m·K)]	比热[J/(kg·K)]
玻璃	2 770	2	500
PV电池	2 330	148	677
Tedlar	1 200	0.15	1 250
铝	2 719	202.4	871

Tab. 4 Optical properties of the used elements

材料	反射率	吸收率	透射率	发射率
玻璃	0.04	0.04	0.92	0.85
PV电池	0.08	0.90	0.02	—
铝	—	—	—	0.90

Fig. 2 Mesh independence verification of PV/T-PCM(I) structure

Fig. 3 Comparison of numerical simulation results with literature results

Fig. 4 Hourly variations of ambient conditions for a typical day in August of Beijing

Fig. 5 Variation curves of PV cell and water outlet temperatures with time

Fig. 6 Influence of volume flow rate on PV cell and water outlet temperatures at 13:00

Fig. 7 Variation curves of thermal power and electrical power with time

Fig. 8 Variation curves of electrical, thermal and overall energetic efficiencies with time

Fig. 9 Variation curves of thermal power and electrical power with volume flow rate

Fig. 10 Effect of volume flow rate on electrical, thermal, and overall energetic efficiencies

Fig. 11 Variation curves of electrical, thermal and overall exergetic efficiencies with time

Fig. 12 Effect of volume flow rate on electrical and thermal exergy efficiencies, and overall exergetic efficiency

Fig. 13 Daily electrical and thermal energy outputs for three configurations

References 31

1	YUAN J H， KANG J G， ZHAO C H，et al ．Energy consumption and economic growth：evidence from China at both aggregated and disaggregated levels[J]．Energy Economics，2008，30(6)：3077-3094． doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2008.03.007
2	MA T， YANG H， LU L，et al ．Technical feasibility study on a standalone hybrid solar-wind system with pumped hydro storage for a remote island in Hong Kong[J]．Renewable Energy，2014，69：7-15． doi:10.1016/j.renene.2014.03.028
3	MA T， YANG H， LU L，et al ．Pumped storage-based standalone photovoltaic power generation system：modeling and techno-economic optimization[J]．Applied Energy，2015，137：649-659． doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.06.005
4	TIWARI G N， DUBEY S ．Fundamentals of photovoltaic modules and their applications[EB/OL]．(2009-12-31)[2022-01-02]．． doi:10.1039/9781849730952-fp011
5	TOUAFEK K， HADDADI M， MALEK A ．Design and modeling of a photovoltaic thermal collector for domestic air heating and electricity production[J]．Energy and Buildings，2013，59：21-28． doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.10.037
6	SOBHNAMAYAN F， SARHADDI F， ALAVI M A，et al ．Optimization of a solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) water collector based on exergy concept[J]．Renewable Energy，2014，68：356-365． doi:10.1016/j.renene.2014.01.048
7	DUPEYRAT P， MÉNÉZO C， FORTUIN S ．Study of the thermal and electrical performances of PVT solar hot water system[J]．Energy and Buildings，2014，68：751-755． doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.09.032
8	NISHIOKA K， HATAYAMA T， URAOKA Y，et al ．Field-test analysis of PV system output characteristics focusing on module temperature[J]．Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells，2003，75(3/4)：665-671． doi:10.1016/s0927-0248(02)00148-4
9	肖瑶，钮文泽，魏高升，等．太阳能光伏/光热技术研究现状与发展趋势综述[J]．发电技术，2022，43(3)：392-404． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21145
	XIAO Y， NIU W Z， WEI G S，et al ．Review on research status and developing tendency of solar photovoltaic/thermal technology[J]．Power Generation Technology，2022，43(3)：392-404． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21145
10	李英峰，张涛，张衡，等．太阳能光伏光热高效综合利用技术[J]．发电技术，2022，43(3)：373-391． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22052
	LI Y F， ZHANG T， ZHANG H，et al ．Efficient and comprehensive photovoltaic/photothermal utilization technologies for solar energy[J]．Power Generation Technology，2022，43(3)：373-391． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22052
11	KERN JR E C， RUSSELL M C ．Combined photovoltaic and thermal hybrid collector systems[R]．Lexington：Lincoln Lab，1978． doi:10.2172/7151726
12	JOSHI A S， TIWARI A， TIWARI G N，et al ．Performance evaluation of a hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) (glass-to-glass) system[J]．International Journal of Thermal Sciences，2009，48(1)：154-164． doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2008.05.001
13	SLIMANI M E A， AMIRAT M， KURUCZ I，et al ．A detailed thermal-electrical model of three photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid air collectors and photovoltaic (PV) module：comparative study under Algiers climatic conditions[J]．Energy Conversion and Management，2017，133：458-476． doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.10.066
14	KAZEMIAN A， HOSSEINZADEH M， SARDARABADI M，et al ．Effect of glass cover and working fluid on the performance of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system：an experimental study[J]．Solar Energy，2018，173：1002-1010． doi:10.1016/j.solener.2018.07.051
15	GAUR A， MÉNÉZO C， GIROUX S ．Numerical studies on thermal and electrical performance of a fully wetted absorber PVT collector with PCM as a storage medium[J]．Renewable Energy，2017，109：168-187． doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.01.062
16	张晨宇，王宁，徐洪涛，等．基于相变材料的太阳能PV/T系统性能[J]．化工学报，2020，71(S1)：361-367．
	ZHANG C Y， WANG N， XU H T，et al ．Photovoltaic and thermal performance of solar PV/T system with phase change material[J]．CIESC Journal，2020，71(S1)：361-367．
17	纪珺，刘宇飞，任迎蕾，等．Ba(OH)₂∙8H₂O复合相变材料及其在太阳能光伏/热集热器上的释热特性[J]．化工学报，2017，68(8)：2985-2990．
	JI J， LIU Y F， REN Y L，et al ．Ba(OH)₂∙8H₂O composite phase-change material and its heat release characteristics in solar photovoltaic/photo-thermal collectors[J]．CIESC Journal，2017，68(8)：2985-2990．
18	STROPNIK R， STRITIH U ．Increasing the efficiency of PV panel with the use of PCM[J]．Renewable Energy，2016，97(C)：671-679． doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.06.011
19	HASAN A， SARWAR J， ALNOMAN H，et al ．Yearly energy performance of a photovoltaic-phase change material (PV-PCM) system in hot climate[J]．Solar Energy，2017，146：417-429． doi:10.1016/j.solener.2017.01.070
20	SU D， JIA Y， LIN Y，et al ．Maximizing the energy output of a photovoltaic-thermal solar collector incorporating phase change materials[J]．Energy and Buildings，2017，153：382-391． doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.08.027
21	BROWNE M C， NORTON B， MCCORMACK S J ．Heat retention of a photovoltaic/thermal collector with PCM[J]．Solar Energy，2016，133：533-548． doi:10.1016/j.solener.2016.04.024
22	陈红兵，栾丹明，褚赛，等．基于相变流体的热管式太阳能PV/T热电联供系统实验研究[J]．可再生能源，2017，35(7)：984-989． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-5292.2017.07.006
	CHEN H B， LUAN D M， CHU S，et al ．Experimental study on the performance of a slurry PCM-based heat pipe solar PV/T cogeneration system[J]．Renewable Energy Resources，2017，35(7)：984-989． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-5292.2017.07.006
23	KHANNA S， REDDY K S， MALLICK T K ．Photovoltaic system integrated with phase change material for South West UK climate[C]//AIP Conference Proceedings．New York：AIP Publishing LLC，2018，2012(1)：080007．
24	ANDERSON J D ．Governing equations of fluid dynamics[M]．Berlin：Springer，1992：15-51． doi:10.1007/978-3-662-11350-9_2
25	BENDER E ．Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow[M]．New York：Hemisphere Publishing Corporation，1981． doi:10.1002/cite.330530323
26	WANG S L， CHEN L Y， ZHANG B X，et al ．A new design of double-layered microchannel heat sinks with wavy microchannels and porous-ribs[J]．Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry，2020，141(1)：547-558． doi:10.1007/s10973-020-09317-3
27	BATCHELOR G K ．The effect of Brownian motion on the bulk stress in a suspension of spherical particles[J]．Journal of Fluid Mechanics，1977，83(1)：97-117． doi:10.1017/s0022112077001062
28	ANSYS ．ANSYS fluent theory guide[Z]．Canonsburg：ANSYS，2018．
29	WATMUFF J H， CHARTERS W W S， PROCTOR D ．Solar and wind induced external coefficients-solar collectors[J]．Cooperation Mediterraneenne Pour Lenergie Solaire，1977：56．
30	ZHOU J， YI Q， WANG Y，et al ．Temperature distribution of photovoltaic module based on finite element simulation[J]．Solar Energy，2015，111：97-103． doi:10.1016/j.solener.2014.10.040
31	SARHADDI F， FARAHAT S， AJAM H，et al ．An improved thermal and electrical model for a solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) air collector[J]．Applied Energy，2010，87(7)：2328-2339． doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.01.001

[1]	Xiaowen WANG, Nan TU, Jiabin FANG, Xiaoqun LIU, Chiyu WANG, Jiachen LIU. Simulation of Optical Performance for a Solar Cavity Receiver Arranged With Spiral Tubes [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(2): 221-228.
[2]	Yuxing WANG, Yanjie ZHAO, Zhanye YANG, Hurun ZHANG, Manni LIN. Optimization Analysis of a Combined Ejector-cooling and Power System [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(6): 942-950.
[3]	Yao XIAO, Wenze NIU, Gaosheng WEI, Liu CUI, Xiaoze DU. Review on Research Status and Developing Tendency of Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal Technology [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(3): 392-404.
[4]	Yingfeng LI, Tao ZHANG, Heng ZHANG, Peng CUI, Zaiguo FU, Zhongliang GAO, Qi GENG, Zhihan LIU, Qunzhi ZHU, Hexing LI, Meicheng LI. Efficient and Comprehensive Photovoltaic/Photothermal Utilization Technologies for Solar Energy [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(3): 373-391.
[5]	Chunxu DU, Yancheng MA, Yanquan WANG, Jihao XIE, Jinkai LIU, Yuanwei LU. Development of Molten Salt Electric Heating Control System Based on Monitor and Control Generated System and Programmable Logic Controller [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(6): 727-733.
[6]	Ding WANG, Yuxuan CHEN, Hu XIAO, Yanping ZHANG. Comparative Analysis of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Conical Cavity Receivers With Different Heat Transfer Fluids [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(6): 682-689.
[7]	Kai XUE, Yihan WANG, Heng CHEN, Gang XU, Jing LEI. Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of a Parabolic Trough Solar-assisted Biomass-fired Cogeneration System [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(6): 653-664.
[8]	Zheyang ZHANG,Xing JU,Xinyu PAN,Yu YANG,Chao XU,Xiaoze DU. Photovoltaic/Concentrated Solar Power Hybrid Technology and Its Commercial Application [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2020, 41(3): 220-230.
[9]	Kexun LI,Mingzhu ZONG,Gaosheng WEI. Overview of Geothermal Power Generation and Joint Power Generation With Other New Energy Sources [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2020, 41(1): 79-87.
[10]	Zhengzheng ZHAO,Yao WANG,Bin LIU,Gaosheng WEI. Experimental Study on Corrosion Characteristics of Ternary Mixed Chloride Salt NaCl-KCl-MgCl₂ [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2018, 39(6): 561-565.
[11]	Yujiong GU,Limin CHEN,Zhi GENG. Performance Analysis of ORC System for Non-Zeotropic Mixtures Under Different Solar Energy Sources [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2018, 39(2): 177-187.