发电技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 514-524.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22175
董中豪1, 卢啸风1, 史丽超2, 杨增增2, 孔繁盛2, 王鹏2, 林国强3, 赵鹏3
收稿日期:
2022-03-07
出版日期:
2023-08-31
发布日期:
2023-08-29
通讯作者:
卢啸风
作者简介:
基金资助:
Zhonghao DONG1, Xiaofeng LU1, Lichao SHI2, Zengzeng YANG2, Fansheng KONG2, Peng WANG2, Guoqiang LIN3, Peng ZHAO3
Received:
2022-03-07
Published:
2023-08-31
Online:
2023-08-29
Contact:
Xiaofeng LU
Supported by:
摘要:
为研究炉膛耐火材料热惯性对循环流化床(circulating fluidized bed,CFB)锅炉调峰特性的影响,基于300 MW亚临界CFB锅炉实际运行工况,以数值计算方式对其进行了研究。发现耐火材料热惯性受耐火材料导热系数和耐火材料厚度影响。当耐火材料导热系数由1 W/(m?K)增加到15 W/(m?K)时,耐火材料热平衡时间由5 812 s降低到3 426 s;耐火材料厚度由30 mm增大至90 mm时,热平衡时间由3 267 s增加到7 771 s。实炉按1%/min、2%/min、3%/min速率由50%升至100%额定负荷工况时,若密相区采用传统耐火材料,则平衡时间分别为82、65、60 min;当采用高导热耐火材料,则相应减少到65、46、40 min。根据计算结果拟合了耐火材料吸热速率变化公式;为考察密相区耐火材料热惯性对给煤策略的影响,定义并计算了耐火材料热惯性给煤影响系数。
中图分类号:
董中豪, 卢啸风, 史丽超, 杨增增, 孔繁盛, 王鹏, 林国强, 赵鹏. 炉膛耐火材料热惯性对循环流化床锅炉调峰速率的影响[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(4): 514-524.
Zhonghao DONG, Xiaofeng LU, Lichao SHI, Zengzeng YANG, Fansheng KONG, Peng WANG, Guoqiang LIN, Peng ZHAO. Influence of Thermal Inertia of Refractory Material in Furnace on the Peak Regulating Rate of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(4): 514-524.
分布位置 | 耐火防磨浇注料/mm | 耐火保温砖/mm | |
---|---|---|---|
炉膛 | 布风板 | 77 | — |
炉膛锥段 | 60 | — | |
屏式受热面 | 50 | — | |
旋风分离器 | 分离器入口 | 25 | — |
分离器筒段 | 25 | — | |
分离器锥段 | 25 | — | |
立管及回料阀 | 立管 | 150 | 250 |
回料阀 | 150 | 250 | |
返料腿 | 150 | 250 |
表1 300 MW亚临界CFB锅炉耐火材料分布
Tab. 1 Distribution of refractory materials for 300 MW subcritical CFB boiler
分布位置 | 耐火防磨浇注料/mm | 耐火保温砖/mm | |
---|---|---|---|
炉膛 | 布风板 | 77 | — |
炉膛锥段 | 60 | — | |
屏式受热面 | 50 | — | |
旋风分离器 | 分离器入口 | 25 | — |
分离器筒段 | 25 | — | |
分离器锥段 | 25 | — | |
立管及回料阀 | 立管 | 150 | 250 |
回料阀 | 150 | 250 | |
返料腿 | 150 | 250 |
参数 | 传统耐火材料 | 耐火保温砖 | 高导热耐火材料 |
---|---|---|---|
导热率λ/[W/(m⋅K)] | 1.5 | 0.093+0.000 16T | 12.55/900 ℃ 11.28/800 ℃ |
密度ρ/(kg/m3) | 2750 | 500 | 3 560 |
比热容cp /(kJ∙kg-1∙K-1) | 0.92+ 0.000 147T | 0.769+0.000 26T | 1.229/900 ℃ |
表2 耐火材料热物理性质
Tab. 2 Thermophysical properties of refractory materials
参数 | 传统耐火材料 | 耐火保温砖 | 高导热耐火材料 |
---|---|---|---|
导热率λ/[W/(m⋅K)] | 1.5 | 0.093+0.000 16T | 12.55/900 ℃ 11.28/800 ℃ |
密度ρ/(kg/m3) | 2750 | 500 | 3 560 |
比热容cp /(kJ∙kg-1∙K-1) | 0.92+ 0.000 147T | 0.769+0.000 26T | 1.229/900 ℃ |
部位 | 耐火防磨浇注料 | 耐火保温砖 | 总计 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
炉膛 | 布风板 | 27.53 | — | 166.46 |
炉膛锥段 | 115.17 | — | ||
屏式受热面 | 23.76 | — | ||
旋风分离器 | 分离器入口 | 37.81 | — | 151.49 |
分离器筒段 | 76.14 | — | ||
分离器锥段 | 37.57 | — | ||
立管及回料阀 | 立管 | 44.69 | 16.59 | 308.75 |
回料阀 | 30.11 | 10.95 | ||
返料腿 | 147.99 | 58.42 |
表3 300 MW亚临界CFB锅炉耐火材料质量分布 (t)
Tab. 3 Mass distribution of refractory materials for 300 MW subcritical CFB boiler
部位 | 耐火防磨浇注料 | 耐火保温砖 | 总计 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
炉膛 | 布风板 | 27.53 | — | 166.46 |
炉膛锥段 | 115.17 | — | ||
屏式受热面 | 23.76 | — | ||
旋风分离器 | 分离器入口 | 37.81 | — | 151.49 |
分离器筒段 | 76.14 | — | ||
分离器锥段 | 37.57 | — | ||
立管及回料阀 | 立管 | 44.69 | 16.59 | 308.75 |
回料阀 | 30.11 | 10.95 | ||
返料腿 | 147.99 | 58.42 |
参数 | 工况1 | 工况2 |
---|---|---|
耐火材料导热率λ/[W/(m⋅K)] | 1,1.2,2,3,4,5,10,15 | 1.2 |
炉侧换热系数hf/[W/(m2⋅K)] | 360 | 360 |
耐火材料厚度δr/mm | 60 | 30,40,50,60,70,80,90 |
耐火材料密度ρ/(kg/m3) | 2 750 | 2 750 |
耐火材料比热容cp /[J/(kg⋅K)] | 1 092 | 1 092 |
工质温度tb/℃ | 330 | 330 |
初始温度T1/℃ | 850 | 850 |
终止温度T2/℃ | 950 | 950 |
表4 耐火材料热惯性影响因素计算工况
Tab. 4 Calculation working condition of influence factors of thermal inertia of refractory materials
参数 | 工况1 | 工况2 |
---|---|---|
耐火材料导热率λ/[W/(m⋅K)] | 1,1.2,2,3,4,5,10,15 | 1.2 |
炉侧换热系数hf/[W/(m2⋅K)] | 360 | 360 |
耐火材料厚度δr/mm | 60 | 30,40,50,60,70,80,90 |
耐火材料密度ρ/(kg/m3) | 2 750 | 2 750 |
耐火材料比热容cp /[J/(kg⋅K)] | 1 092 | 1 092 |
工质温度tb/℃ | 330 | 330 |
初始温度T1/℃ | 850 | 850 |
终止温度T2/℃ | 950 | 950 |
材料类型 | 锅炉运行工况 | 锅炉变负荷速率/ (%/min) | 耐火材料厚度/ mm |
---|---|---|---|
传统耐火材料 | 50%~100%,100%~50% | 1,2,3 | 60 |
高导热耐火材料 | 50%~100%,100%~50% | 1,2,3 | 60 |
表5 炉膛密相区耐火材料热惯性计算工况
Tab. 5 Thermal inertia calculation conditions of refractory materials in dense phase area of furnace
材料类型 | 锅炉运行工况 | 锅炉变负荷速率/ (%/min) | 耐火材料厚度/ mm |
---|---|---|---|
传统耐火材料 | 50%~100%,100%~50% | 1,2,3 | 60 |
高导热耐火材料 | 50%~100%,100%~50% | 1,2,3 | 60 |
参数 | 100% BRL | 75% BRL | 50% BRL |
---|---|---|---|
主蒸汽流量/(t/h) | 966 | 779 | 466 |
主蒸汽温度/℃ | 541 | 541 | 541 |
主蒸汽压力/MPa | 16.10 | 14.49 | 11.37 |
给水温度/℃ | 276 | 255 | 233 |
给水压力/MPa | 17.92 | 15.75 | 12.59 |
汽包压力/MPa | 17.51 | 15.46 | 12.37 |
炉膛密相区床温/℃ | 950 | 900 | 850 |
给煤量/(t/h) | 204.90 | 157.13 | 108.59 |
燃料低位发热量/(kJ/kg) | 13 498 | 13 498 | 13 498 |
表6 300 MW亚临界循环流化床锅炉运行参数
Tab. 6 Operation parameters of 300 MW subcritical CFB boiler
参数 | 100% BRL | 75% BRL | 50% BRL |
---|---|---|---|
主蒸汽流量/(t/h) | 966 | 779 | 466 |
主蒸汽温度/℃ | 541 | 541 | 541 |
主蒸汽压力/MPa | 16.10 | 14.49 | 11.37 |
给水温度/℃ | 276 | 255 | 233 |
给水压力/MPa | 17.92 | 15.75 | 12.59 |
汽包压力/MPa | 17.51 | 15.46 | 12.37 |
炉膛密相区床温/℃ | 950 | 900 | 850 |
给煤量/(t/h) | 204.90 | 157.13 | 108.59 |
燃料低位发热量/(kJ/kg) | 13 498 | 13 498 | 13 498 |
图3 变负荷过程中不同导热系数耐火材料单位体积吸热量
Fig. 3 Heat absorption per unit volume of refractory materials with different thermal conductivity in the process of variable load
图9 变负荷过程中密相区耐火材料热惯性给煤影响系数随时间变化关系
Fig. 9 Change of influence coefficient of thermal inertia coal feeding of refractory materials in dense phase area with time during variable load process
图10 改造前后50%~90%升负荷过程中锅炉运行参数随时间变化曲线
Fig. 10 Variation curves of boiler operating parameters with time in the process of 50%-90% liter load before and after transformation
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