计及热惯性的热电联产虚拟电厂韧性提升策略

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23097

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

日益频繁的极端天气给电热耦合系统造成的影响愈发严重。韧性是衡量系统抵御极端事件、减少故障影响并快速恢复的核心指标。为提升电热耦合系统抵御极端灾害的能力，提出一种考虑热惯性的热电联产虚拟电厂(combined heat and power-virtual power plant，CHP-VPP)两阶段三层韧性提升策略。第一阶段以联络开关成本最小为目标，基于最小生成树理论对系统进行重构；第二阶段以运行成本最小为目标，基于分布鲁棒优化理论制定最恶劣的故障场景下的最优决策。采用列与约束生成算法进行迭代求解。基于IEEE 33节点电力系统+6节点供热系统构建CHP-VPP测试系统，仿真结果表明，所提出的方法可有效提升CHP-VPP应对极端灾害的韧性。

关键词: 热电联产虚拟电厂(CHP-VPP), 热惯性, 分布鲁棒, 韧性提升, 极端灾害, 电热耦合系统

Abstract:

The increasingly frequent extreme weather has a more serious impact on the electro-thermal coupling system. Resilience is a core indicator that measures the system’s ability to withstand extreme events, reduce the impact of failures,and recover quickly. To enhance the ability of the electro-thermal coupling system to withstand extreme disasters,a two-stage three-layer resilience enhancement strategy of combined heat and power-virtual power plant (CHP-VPP) considering thermal inertia was proposed. In the first stage, the system was reconstructed based on the minimum spanning tree theory with the goal of minimizing the cost of tie switches. In the second stage,aiming at minimizing the operating cost,the optimal decisions under the worst failure scenario was formulated based on distributionally robust optimization theory. The column and constraint generation algorithm was used for iterative solutions. A CHP-VPP test system was built based on an IEEE 33-bus system and a 6-node thermal system. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively enhance the resilience of CHP-VPP to cope with extreme disasters.

Key words: combined heat and power-virtual power plant (CHP-VPP), thermal inertia, distributionally robust, resilience enhancement, extreme disaster, electro-thermal coupling system

中图分类号:

TK 01

于松源, 张峻松, 元志伟, 房方. 计及热惯性的热电联产虚拟电厂韧性提升策略[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(6): 758-768.

Songyuan YU, Junsong ZHANG, Zhiwei YUAN, Fang FANG. Resilience Enhancement Strategy of Combined Heat and Power-Virtual Power Plant Considering Thermal Inertia[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(6): 758-768.

图/表 11

图1 CHP-VPP韧性提升策略

Fig. 1 Resilience enhancement strategy of CHP-VPP

图2 CHP-VPP测试系统框架

Fig. 2 CHP-VPP test system framework

图3 电热负荷、风光出力及室外温度情况

Fig. 3 Electric load, heat load, wind output, solar output and outdoor temperature

图4 基于分布鲁棒优化的联络开关状态

Fig. 4 State of interconnection switch based on the distributionally robust optimization

图5 基于分布鲁棒优化的CHP、HP和电池出力情况

Fig. 5 CHP, HP and battery output based on distributionally robust optimization

图6 基于分布鲁棒优化的常规机组出力情况

Fig. 6 Conventional units output based on the distributionally robust optimization

图7 电力节点局部放大图

Fig. 7 Partial enlarged view of power nodes

表1 热惯性对CHP-VPP各项成本的影响情况

Tab. 1 Impact of thermal inertia on the cost of CHP-VPP

热惯性	CHP运行成本/元	HP运行成本/元	切负荷成本/元	总成本/元	弃风光率/%
有	4 516	556	25 523	30 595	5.02
无	4 723	603	32 132	37 458	12.62

表2 不同置信水平下系统总成本 (元)

Tab. 2 Total cost of the system at different confidence levels

$θ 1$	$θ ∞$
$θ 1$	0.5	0.8	0.99
0.2	28 923	29 035	29 381
0.4	28 927	29 119	29 572
0.6	29 012	29 290	29 966
0.8	29 014	29 317	30 923

表2 不同置信水平下系统总成本 (元)

Tab. 2 Total cost of the system at different confidence levels

$θ 1$	$θ ∞$
$θ 1$	0.5	0.8	0.99
0.2	28 923	29 035	29 381
0.4	28 927	29 119	29 572
0.6	29 012	29 290	29 966
0.8	29 014	29 317	30 923

图8 基于确定性优化方法的联络开关状态

Fig. 8 State of interconnection switch based on deterministic optimization method

表3 3种极端情况下机组运行成本及切负荷成本情况

Tab. 3 Unit operating costs and load shedding costs under three extreme scenarios

方法	故障线路	成本/元
方法	故障线路	CHP运行	HP运行	切负荷	总计
分布鲁棒优化	7—8	3 823	582	0	4 405
	16—17	4 516	556	25 523	30 595
	3—4	4 021	609	0	4 630
确定性优化	7—8	3 547	436	12 184	12 582
	16—17	4 399	624	37 347	37 849
	3—4	3 547	436	12 184	12 582

参考文献 35

1	STANKOVIC A， TOMSOVIC K ．The definition and quantification of resilience[J]．IEEE PES Industry Technical Support Task Force，2018：1-4．
2	陈磊，邓欣怡，陈红坤，等．电力系统韧性评估与提升研究综述[J]．电力系统保护与控制，2022，50(13)：11-22.
	CHEN L， DENG X Y， CHEN H K，et al ．Review of the assessment and improvement of power system resilience[J]．Power System Protection and Control，2022，50(13)：11-22．
3	黄宇箴，陈彦奇，吴志聪，等．碳中和背景下热电联产机组抽汽分配节能优化[J]．发电技术，2023，44(1)：85-93． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21085
	HUANG Y Z， CHEN Y Q， WU Z C，et al ．Energy saving optimization of extraction steam distribution for cogeneration units under carbon neutral background[J]．Power Generation Technology，2023，44(1)：85-93． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21085
4	黄柯蒙，刘继春．计及需求响应和热电联产的多微电网联盟优化调度方法[J]．智慧电力，2021，49(6)：107-115．
	HUANG K M， LIU J C ．Optimal dispatch method of multi-microgrid alliance considering demand response & CHP[J]．Smart Power，2021，49(6)：107-115．
5	吴磊，彭黎菊，李爽，等．百千瓦级天然气制氢质子交换膜燃料电池热电联产系统稳态特性模拟分析[J]．发电技术，2023，44(3)：350-360． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22078
	WU L， PENG L J， LI S，et al ．Simulation and analysis of steady state characteristics of hundred kilowatt proton exchange membrane fuel cell combined heat and power system based on hydrogen production from natural gas[J]．Power Generation Technology，2023，44(3)：350-360． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22078
6	练依情，郭祚刚，马溪原，等．考虑热备用的气-电耦合园区综合能源系统弹性调度[J]．电力系统及其自动化学报，2019，31(11)：115-121． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-8930.2019.11.017
	LIAN Y Q， GUO Z G， MA X Y，et al ．Resilience scheduling of integrated electricity and gas community system considering hot reservation[J]．Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA，2019，31(11)：115-121． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-8930.2019.11.017
7	JAVADI E A， JOORABIAN M， BARATI H ．A sustainable framework for resilience enhancement of integrated energy systems in the presence of energy storage systems and fast-acting flexible loads[J]．Journal of Energy Storage，2022，49：104099． doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.104099
8	范馨予，黄媛，吴疆，等．考虑源网荷储协同优化的配电网韧性提升策略[J]．电力建设，2023，44(4)：63-73． doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2023.04.008
	FAN X Y， HUANG Y， WU J，et al ．Resilience promotion strategy for distribution network considering source-network-load-storage coordination[J]．Electric Power Construction，2023，44(4)：63-73． doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2023.04.008
9	傅守强，陈翔宇，张立斌，等．面向韧性提升的交直流混合配电网协同恢复方法[J]．中国电力，2023，56(7)：95-106．
	FU S Q， CHEN X Y， ZHANG L B，et al ．Coordinated restoration method of hybrid AC/DC distribution networks for resilience enhancement[J]．Electric Power，2023，56(7)：95-106．
10	王凯丰，张洪斌，力刚，等．城市洪涝韧性的研究进展及关键支撑技术综述[J/OL]．水利水电技术(中英文)：1-15[2023-08-01]．．
	WANG K F， ZHANG H B， LI G，et al ．Advances in urban flood resilience study and its key supporting technologies review[J/OL]．Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering：1-15[2023-08-01]．．
11	朱刘柱，尹晨旭，王宝，等．计及风/光/荷不确定性的综合能源站随机规划研究[J]．电网与清洁能源，2021，37(5)：96-105． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-3814.2021.05.012
	ZHU L Z， YIN C X， WANG B，et al ．Stochastic programming of integrated energy station considering the uncertainties of wind power，photovoltaic and load[J]．Power System and Clean Energy，2021，37(5)：96-105． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-3814.2021.05.012
12	杨锡勇，张仰飞，林纲，等．考虑需求响应的源-荷-储多时间尺度协同优化调度策略[J]．发电技术，2023，44(2)：253-260．
	YANG X Y， ZHANG Y F， LIN G，et al ．Multi-time scale collaborative optimal scheduling strategy for source-load-storage considering demand response[J]．Power Generation Technology，2023，44(2)：253-260．
13	梁涛，尹晓东，刘亚祥．面向投资收益的综合能源系统鲁棒优化配置规划[J]．中国电力，2023，56(4)：156-166．
	LIANG T， YIN X D， LIU Y X ．Robust optimal configuration planning of integrated energy system for return on investment[J]．Electric Power，2023，56(4)：156-166．
14	周步祥，黄伟，臧天磊．计及共享储能与柔性负荷的微电网鲁棒优化调度[J]．电力科学与技术学报，2023，38(2)：48-57．
	ZHOU B X， HUANG W， ZANG T L ．Robust optimal scheduling of microgrid considering shared energy storage and flexible load[J]．Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology，2023，38(2)：48-57．
15	陈伟伟，张增强，张高航，等．计及需求响应及抽水蓄能的含风电系统鲁棒机组组合[J]．电力工程技术，2022，41(2)：75-82． doi:10.12158/j.2096-3203.2022.02.010
	CHEN W W， ZHANG Z Q， ZHANG G H，et al ．Robust unit commitment of power systems integrated wind power considering demand response and pumped storage units[J]．Electric Power Engineering Technology，2022，41(2)：75-82． doi:10.12158/j.2096-3203.2022.02.010
16	梁远升，徐真理，李海锋，等．基于随机响应面法的配电网故障恢复全时段不确定性优化方法[J/OL]．中国电机工程学报：1-16．(2023-08-10)[2023-11-27]．．
	LIANG Y S， XU Z L， LI H F，et al ．Optimization method for full time uncertainty of distribution network fault recovery based on random response surface methodology[J/OL]．Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering：1-16．(2023-08-10)[2023-11-27]．．
17	LIU R P， LEI S B， PENG C Y，et al ．Data based resilience enhancement strategies for electric-gas systems against sequential extreme weather events[J]．IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid，2020，11(6)：5383-5395． doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.3007479
18	陆臣斌．考虑不确定性的园区综合能源系统低碳经济运行研究[D]．杭州：浙江大学，2023． doi:10.1109/pandafpe57779.2023.10141116
	LU C B ．Research on low-carbon economic operation of park integrated energy system considering uncertainty[D]．Hangzhou：Zhejiang University，2023． doi:10.1109/pandafpe57779.2023.10141116
19	谭九鼎，李帅兵，李明澈，等．计及不确定性的分布式微网参与电网优化调度方法综述[J/OL]．综合智慧能源：1-12．(2023-09-01)[2023-09-04]．． doi:10.1109/icsgsc59580.2023.10319183
	TAN J D， LI S B， LI M C，et al ．A review of the methods of distributed microgrids taking uncertainty into account to participate in power grid optimization scheduling[J/OL]．Integrated smart energy：1-12．(2023-09-01)[2023-09-04]．． doi:10.1109/icsgsc59580.2023.10319183
20	葛少云，杜咏梅，郭玥，等．基于分布鲁棒优化的车-站-网日前能量管理与交易[J/OL]．电力系统自动化：1-16(2023-09-09)．．
	GE S Y， DU Y M， GUO Y，et al ．Vehicle station network day ahead energy management and trading based on distributed robust optimization[J/OL]．Power System Automation：1-16(2023-09-09)．．
21	王金浩，刘新元，仲颖，等．虚拟电厂参与下的配电网分布鲁棒优化调度[J]．供用电，2022，39(11)：71-78．
	WANG J H， LIU X Y， ZHONG Y，et al ．Distributed robust optimal dispatch of distribution network with virtual power plant participation[J]．Distribution & Utilization，2022，39(11)：71-78．
22	吴晨雨．电热综合能源系统的建模及优化运行[D]．南京：东南大学，2019．
	WU C Y ．Modeling and optimal operation of power and heat integrated energy system[D]．Nanjing：Southeast University，2019．
23	孙鹏，滕云，回茜，等．考虑热惯性不确定性的多能源系统两阶段鲁棒优化调度模型[J]．中国电机工程学报，2021，41(21)：7249-7261．
	SUN P， TENG Y， HUI Q，et al ．Two-stage robust optimal scheduling model for multi-energy systems considering thermal inertia uncertainty[J]．Proceedings of the CSEE，2021，41(21)：7249-7261．
24	邢晓敏，张明洋，杨修宇，等．计及网荷侧热惯性特征下用户动态响应的电热联合系统优化运行[J/OL]．电网技术：1-15[2023-07-27]．．
	XING X M， ZHANG M Y， YANG X Y，et al ．Optimization operation of electric heating joint system considering user dynamic response under grid load side thermal inertia characteristics[J/OL]．Grid Technology：1-15[2023-07-27]．．
25	孙鹏，滕云，冷欧阳，等．考虑供热系统多重热惯性的电热联合系统协调优化[J]．中国电机工程学报，2020，40(19)：6059-6071．
	SUN P， TENG Y， LENG O Y，et al ．Coordinated optimization of combined heat and power systems considering multiple thermal inertia of heating system[J]．Proceedings of the CSEE，2020，40(19)：6059-6071．
26	元志伟，于松源，房方，等．考虑高维不确定性的热电联产虚拟电厂优化调度[J]．动力工程学报，2023，43(2)：194-204．
	YUAN Z W， YU S Y， FANG F，et al ．Optimal scheduling of combined heat and power-virtual power plant considering high-dimensional uncertainty[J]．Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering，2023，43(2)：194-204．
27	杨军亭，马振祺，梁鹏霄，等．考虑多源互补特性的孤岛供电故障恢复方法[J]．电力需求侧管理，2022，24(3)：22-27． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1831.2022.03.004
	YANG J T， MA Z Q， LIANG P X，et al ．Isolated island power supply fault recovery method considering multi-source complementarity[J]．Power Demand Side Management，2022，24(3)：22-27． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1831.2022.03.004
28	张辉，顾秀芳，陈艳宁，等．考虑风电消纳的热电厂蓄热罐效益成本分析[J]．发电技术，2022，43(4)：664-672． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.20109
	ZHANG H， GU X F， CHEN Y N，et al ．Benefit cost analysis of thermal storage tank in thermal power plant considering wind power consumption[J]．Power Generation Technology，2022，43(4)：664-672． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.20109
29	孙黎霞，鞠平，白景涛，等．计及蓄电池寿命的冷热电联供型微电网多目标经济优化运行[J]．发电技术，2020，41(1)：64-72． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.19175
	SUN L X， JU P， BAI J T，et al ．Multi-objective economic optimal operation of microgrid based on combined cooling，heating and power considering battery life[J]．Power Generation Technology，2020，41(1)：64-72． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.19175
30	林卓然，朱晓东，王守相，等．考虑热网动态特性与碳交易的电-热综合能源系统优化调度[J]．电力系统及其自动化学报，2022，34(4)：64-70．
	LIN Z R， ZHU X D， WANG S X，et al ．Optimal scheduling of electric-thermal integrated energy system considering dynamic characteristics of heating network and carbon trading[J]．Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA，2022，34(4)：64-70．
31	李强，朱丹丹，黄地，等．虚拟电厂运营商与电动汽车用户的主从博弈定价策略[J]．电力工程技术，2022，41(4)：183-191． doi:10.12158/j.2096-3203.2022.04.024
	LI Q， ZHU D D， HUANG D，et al ．Stackelberg game pricing strategy between virtual power plant operators and electric vehicle users[J]．Electric Power Engineering Technology，2022，41(4)：183-191． doi:10.12158/j.2096-3203.2022.04.024
32	邓博夫．考虑热惯性和价格约束的电热联合系统优化调度研究[D]．沈阳：沈阳工业大学，2021．
	DENG B F ．Optimal scheduling of combined heat and power system considering thermal inertia and price constraints[D]．Shenyang：Shenyang University of Technology，2021．
33	谢婉莹．基于热惯性的电-热综合能源系统优化调度策略研究[D]．上海：上海电力大学，2022．
	XIE W Y ．Research on optimal scheduling strategy of integrated electricity and district heating system based on thermal inertia[D]．Shanghai：Shanghai University of Electric Power，2022．
34	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部．供配电系统设计规范： [S]．北京：中国计划出版社，2010． doi:10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_3956
	Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China ． Code for design electric power supply systems： [S]．Beijing：China Planning Press，2010． doi:10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_3956
35	CHEN H， ZHANG T， ZHANG R，et al ．Interval optimal scheduling of integrated electricity and district heating systems considering dynamic characteristics of heating network[J]．IET Energy Systems Integration，2020，2(3)：179-186． doi:10.1049/iet-esi.2019.0046