发电技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 1200-1211.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.25063

• 发电及环境保护 • 上一篇    

基于熔盐储热的核电机组调峰特性研究

刘松洋1, 白云鹏2, 陈志董2, 丁亮1, 孙超杰1, 孔艳强2   

  1. 1.中国核电工程有限公司,北京市 海淀区 100840
    2.电站能量传递转化与系统教育部 重点实验室(华北电力大学),北京市 昌平区 102206
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-25 修回日期:2025-09-29 出版日期:2025-12-31 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 孔艳强
  • 作者简介:刘松洋(1997),男,工程师,研究方向为核电储能系统仿真研究,liusye@cnpe.cc
    白云鹏(2000),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为综合能源系统,ncepubyp@163.com
    陈志董(1996),男,博士研究生,研究方向为氢能与多能互补综合能源系统,15210196332@163.com
    丁亮(1980),男,研究员级高级工程师,研究方向为核电工艺系统设计及核能综合利用技术,dingliang@cnpe.cc
    孙超杰(1989),男,高级工程师,研究方向为核电工艺系统、设备及核能综合利用技术,suncj963@163.com
    孔艳强(1989),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为多能互补发电技术,本文通信作者,kongyq@ncepu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52276062)

Study on Peak Shaving Characteristics of Nuclear Power Unit Based on Molten Salt Heat Storage

Songyang LIU1, Yunpeng BAI2, Zhidong CHEN2, Liang DING1, Chaojie SUN1, Yanqiang KONG2   

  1. 1.China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Haidian District, Beijing 100840, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education (North China Electric Power University), Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
  • Received:2025-06-25 Revised:2025-09-29 Published:2025-12-31 Online:2025-12-25
  • Contact: Yanqiang KONG
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(52276062)

摘要:

目的 核电机组调峰潜力巨大,但终端负荷峰谷波动,以及核反应堆应具备稳定输出等特征严重影响核电调峰过程的安全高效运行。储热技术可以实现热能的存储,是解决核电源荷需求失衡矛盾的重要途径,因此研究了基于熔盐储热的核电机组调峰特性。 方法 以某实际运行核电机组为研究对象,基于能量梯级利用原则,提出了主蒸汽加热熔盐、高压缸排汽加热熔盐和电加热熔盐3种耦合熔盐储热的核电调峰系统方案,建立了耦合系统仿真模型,并辅以针对性实验验证,研究了5%、10%、15%、20%、25%五种调峰幅度下的系统热力学性能。 结果 耦合熔盐储热的核电调峰系统提高了核电机组的调峰性能,同时可以满足不同供暖需求。高压缸排汽加热熔盐耦合系统方案热力性能最优,主蒸汽加热熔盐耦合系统方案次之,电加热熔盐耦合系统方案最差。在25%调峰幅度下,高压缸排汽加热熔盐耦合系统方案和电加热熔盐耦合系统方案能量效率分别为63.76%和37.84%,㶲效率分别为59.41%和23.04%。 结论 所提出的核电机组熔盐储热方案可应用于市政供暖场景,有助于指导参与电网调峰的核电机组安全高效运行。

关键词: 核电机组, 调峰, 熔盐储热, 耦合系统, 能量梯级利用, 热力学分析

Abstract:

Objectives Nuclear power units have great potential for peak-shaving. However, the peak-valley fluctuations in terminal load and the characteristics of nuclear reactors to maintain stable output seriously affect the safe and efficient operation of nuclear power peak-shaving process. Heat storage technology, which enables the storage of thermal energy, is an important way to solve the imbalance between nuclear power supply and demand. Therefore, the peak-shaving characteristics of nuclear power units based on molten salt heat storage are studied. Methods This study takes an actual nuclear power unit as the research object. Based on the principle of energy cascade utilization, three nuclear power peak-shaving system schemes coupled with molten salt heat storage are proposed: main steam heating molten salt, high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam heating molten salt, and electric heating molten salt. A simulation model of the coupled system is established and supplemented with targeted experimental validation. The system thermodynamic performance under five peak-shaving amplitudes of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% is systematically studied. Results The nuclear power peak-shaving system coupled with molten salt heat storage improves the peak-shaving performance of the nuclear power unit while meeting different heating demands. The high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam heating molten salt coupled system scheme exhibits the best thermodynamic performance, followed by the main steam heating molten salt coupled system scheme, and the electric heating molten salt coupled system scheme performs the worst. Under a 25% peak-shaving amplitude, the energy efficiencies of the high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam heating molten salt coupled system scheme and the electric heating molten salt coupled system scheme are 63.76% and 37.84%, respectively, and the exergy efficiencies are 59.41% and 23.04%, respectively. Conclusions The proposed molten salt heat storage schemes for nuclear power units can be applied to scenarios such as municipal heating supply, providing guidance for the safe and efficient operation of nuclear power units in grid peak shaving.

Key words: nuclear power unit, peak-shaving, molten salt heat storage, integrated system, energy cascade utilization, thermodynamic analysis

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