变流量配水对湿冷塔冷却特性的影响及其优化

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23048

发电技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 1041-1049.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23048

• 发电及环境保护 • 上一篇

变流量配水对湿冷塔冷却特性的影响及其优化

罗晟¹, 王磊¹, 李杨¹, 孟庆明¹, 张贵彬², 赵元宾³

^1.国能宝清煤电化有限公司，黑龙江省双鸭山市 155600
^2.国网能源哈密煤电有限公司，新疆维吾尔族自治区哈密市 839000
^3.山东大学核科学与能源动力学院，山东省济南市 250061

收稿日期:2024-09-14 修回日期:2024-12-30 出版日期:2025-10-31 发布日期:2025-10-23
作者简介:罗晟(1972)，男，高级工程师，主要研究方向为火电厂生产安全管理，Luo_1972_1@163.com；
赵元宾(1981)，男，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为高效能量转换理论及热工过程优化，本文通信作者，zhyb@sdu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
山东省科技厅科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2022TSGC1026)

Effects of Variable-Flow Water Distribution on Cooling Performance of Wet Cooling Towers and Its Optimization

Cheng LUO¹, Lei WANG¹, Yang LI¹, Qingming MENG¹, Guibin ZHANG², Yuanbin ZHAO³

^1.China Energy Baoqing Coal Power & Chemical Company Limited, Shuangyashan 155600, Heilongjiang Province, China
^2.China Grid Energy Hami Coal Power Company Limited, Hami 839000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
^3.School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong Province, China

Received:2024-09-14 Revised:2024-12-30 Published:2025-10-31 Online:2025-10-23
Supported by:
Foundation:Innovation Capability Enhancement Project for Small Technology-Based Firms of Shandong Province Science and Technology Department(2022TSGC1026)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的变流量全塔配水时，配水均匀性对湿冷塔冷却性能影响较大。为实现湿冷机组在深度调峰全过程湿冷塔高效节能运行，研究了湿冷塔变流量对全塔配水均匀性及冷却性能的影响，并进行了配水优化。方法基于湿冷塔配水理论计算模型和三维热力计算模型，研究了循环水双泵和单泵运行全塔配水时循环水量、水量分配及其不均匀性的变化特征，分析了变流量配水对冷却塔水池表面水温和平均水温的影响，并提出了配水优化方案。结果由双泵切换至单泵运行时，仅考虑双泵运行配水优化的方案内区配水不均匀性系数由3.8%提高至6.8%，外区部分配水管末端出现零喷淋现象，由此造成单泵运行全塔配水时外区冷却性能弱化。结合循环水泵变工况运行时流量变化，提出了综合单双泵运行的全塔配水优化方案，可实现单泵运行时平均出塔水温降低0.8 ℃。结论综合考虑湿冷塔变流量配水时全塔配水均匀性的优化设计方案，可实现湿冷机组深度调峰全工况冷端的高效节能运行。

关键词: 火力发电, 冷却塔, 变流量配水, 配水均匀性, 配水优化, 冷却性能, 深度调峰, 节能

Abstract:

Objectives When distributing water across the whole tower under different water flow rates, the water distribution uniformity has a significant effect on the cooling performance of wet cooling tower. In order to realize the high efficiency and energy-saving operation of wet cooling tower in the whole process of deep peak-shaving of wet cooling power units, the influence of the variable flow rate of the wet cooling tower on the water distribution uniformity and cooling performance of the whole tower is studied, and the water distribution optimization is carried out. Methods Based on the theoretical calculation model for water distribution in wet cooling tower and the three-dimensional thermal calculation model, the variation characteristics of water mass flow rate, water distribution and its non-uniformity during whole-tower water distribution under single-pump and dual-pump operation are studied. The influence of variable flow water distribution on the surface water temperature and average water temperature of cooling tower pool is analyzed, and the optimization scheme of water distribution is put forward. Results When switching from dual-pump to single-pump operation, the non-uniformity coefficient of water distribution in the inner zone is increased from 3.8% to 6.8% under the scheme only considering the optimization of water distribution in dual-pump operation, and zero spray phenomenon occurs at the end of some water distribution pipes in the outer zone, which weakens the cooling performance of the outer zone when the water distribution of the whole tower is operated by single-pump. Combined with the flow change of circulating water pump under variable operating conditions, an optimization scheme of water distribution in the whole tower integrating single-pump and dual-pump operation is proposed, which can reduce the average outlet water temperature by 0.8 ℃ under the single-pump operation. Conclusions Considering the optimization design of the water distribution uniformity of the whole tower during the variable flow water distribution of the wet cooling tower, the high efficiency and energy-saving operation of the cold end of the wet cooling units under the full working condition of the deep peak-shaving can be realized.

Key words: thermal power generation, cooling tower, variable flow rate water distribution, water distribution uniformity, water distribution optimization, cooling performance, deep peak-shaving, energy-saving

中图分类号:

TK 124

罗晟, 王磊, 李杨, 孟庆明, 张贵彬, 赵元宾. 变流量配水对湿冷塔冷却特性的影响及其优化[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46(5): 1041-1049.

Cheng LUO, Lei WANG, Yang LI, Qingming MENG, Guibin ZHANG, Yuanbin ZHAO. Effects of Variable-Flow Water Distribution on Cooling Performance of Wet Cooling Towers and Its Optimization[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(5): 1041-1049.

图/表 20

图1 配水系统及单泵运行零喷淋范围示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of water distribution system and zero spray range during single-pump operation

表1 双泵配水情况分布

Tab. 1 Dual-pump water distribution

区域	分区总流量/(m³/s)	平均喷头流量/(m³/s)	不均匀性系数/%
内区	0.762 7	0.001 4	1.5
外区	1.009 2	0.001 5	1.7

图2 方案1配水分区

Fig. 2 Water distribution zones of scheme 1

表2 方案1喷头直径配置

Tab. 2 Nozzle diameter configuration of scheme 1

区域	内区	外区
喷头直径/mm	26	30

图3 方案1双泵配水管喷头流量

Fig. 3 Nozzle flow rate for dual-pump water distribution pipes of scheme 1

表3 方案1双泵运行计算结果

Tab. 3 Dual-pump operation calculation results of scheme 1

区域	淋水密度/[kg/(m²⋅s)]	配水不均匀性系数/%
内区	1.371 6	3.8
外区	2.033 3	7.6

图4 方案1单泵配水管喷头流量

Fig. 4 Nozzle flow rate for single-pump water distribution pipes of scheme 1

表4 方案1单泵运行计算结果

Tab. 4 Single-pump operation calculation results of scheme 1

区域	淋水密度/[kg/(m²⋅s)]	配水不均匀性系数/%
内区	1.244 1	6.8
外区	1.124 3(淋水部分)	—

图5 方案2配水分区

Fig. 5 Water distribution zones of scheme 2

表5 方案2喷头直径配置

Tab. 5 Nozzle diameter configuration of scheme 2

区域	内区		外区
区域	内区	1	2	3
喷头直径/mm	26	22	26	30

表6 方案2双泵运行计算结果

Tab. 6 Dual-pump operation calculation results of scheme 2

区域	淋水密度/[kg/(m²⋅s)]	配水不均匀性系数/%
内区	1.594 2	5.3
外区整体	1.856 2	6.4
外1区	1.435 6	5.5
外2区	1.598 6	4.9
外3区	2.285 5	6.7

图6 方案2双泵配水管喷头流量

Fig. 6 Nozzle flow rate for dual-pump water distribution pipes of scheme 2

表7 方案2单泵运行计算结果

Tab. 7 Single-pump operation calculation results of scheme 2

区域	淋水密度/[kg/(m²⋅s)]	配水不均匀性系数/%
内区	1.036 0	6.3
外区整体	1.060 3	9.2
外1区	0.945 4	7.1
外2区	1.036 6	7.6
外3区	1.154 9	8.5

图7 方案2单泵配水管喷头流量

Fig. 7 Nozzle flow rate for single-pump water distribution pipes of scheme 2

图8 方案1单泵运行喷淋区淋水密度分布

Fig. 8 Distribution of water leaching density in the spray zone of cooling tower when single-pump running at scheme 1

图9 方案1双泵运行水池水面温度分布

Fig. 9 Water surface temperature distribution in cooling tower basin during dual-pump operation of scheme 1

图10 方案1单泵运行水池水面温度分布

Fig. 10 Water surface temperature distribution in cooling tower basin during single-pump operation of scheme 1

图11 方案2双泵运行水池水面温度分布

Fig. 11 Water surface temperature distribution in cooling tower basin during dual-pump operation of scheme 2

图12 方案2单泵运行水池水面温度分布

Fig. 12 Water surface temperature distribution in cooling tower basin during single-pump operation of scheme 2

图13 变流量配水方案冷却特性对比

Fig. 13 Comparison of cooling characteristics between variable flow rate water distribution schemes

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变流量配水对湿冷塔冷却特性的影响及其优化

Effects of Variable-Flow Water Distribution on Cooling Performance of Wet Cooling Towers and Its Optimization

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