零碳地热能综合利用技术研究进展

发电技术

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零碳地热能综合利用技术研究进展

路诗梦^1,2，孙建林^1,2，曾凡杰¹，林小杰^3*，吴均湛¹，马添翼¹，钟崴³，谢立坤⁴，谢伟⁵

1．浙江大学工程师学院，浙江省杭州市310015；2．中国石油国家卓越工程师学院，北京市昌平区100096；3．浙江大学能源工程学院，浙江省杭州市310027；4．中国雄安集团智慧能源有限公司，河北省保定市071000；5．国网雄安思极数字科技有限公司，河北省保定市071000

基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0108600)；国家自然科学基金项目(51806190)；浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划项目(2024C03247)。

Research Progress on Comprehensive Utilization Technologies of Zero-Carbon Geothermal Energy

LU Shimeng^1,2, SUN Jianlin^1,2, ZENG Fanjie¹, LIN Xiaojie^3*, WU Junzhan¹, MA Tianyi¹, ZHONG Wei³,XIE Likun⁴, XIE Weⁱ⁵

1.Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China；2.National Elite Institute of Engineering, CNPC, Changping District, Beijing 100096, China；3.College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China；4.China Xiong’an Group Smart Energy Company Limited, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China；5.State Grid Xiong’an Siji Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China

Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFE0108600); National Natural Science Foundation of China (51806190); “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” R&D Program of Zhejiang Province (2024C03247).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】在“双碳”背景下，推动地热能在零碳区域能源系统中的规模化应用是实现能源转型的重要途径。通过系统梳理地热能开发与利用技术的研究进展，揭示其在多能互补系统中的关键作用，为构建高效、稳定的零碳能源系统提供理论支撑和技术路径。【方法】介绍了直接利用地热能的取热技术、地源热泵技术和发电技术的研究现状，分析了其存在的问题；总结了地热能与碳捕集、利用与封存(carbon capture，utilization and storage，CCUS)，太阳能，生物质能，氢能耦合的综合能源系统；分析了零碳园区架构并整理了零碳项目案例，展望了地热能结合人工智能(artificial intelligence，AI)等前沿技术在建设零碳系统方面的发展前景，提出了未来地热能开发与利用技术的研究方向。【结论】地热能技术体系已初步形成，但深层地热开发、增强型地热系统(enhanced geothermal system，EGS)适应性提升等技术瓶颈仍需突破；地热多能耦合系统可显著提升能源利用效率，但系统集成优化和动态协调问题亟待解决；人工智能等数字化技术为地热资源精准开发和系统优化提供了新思路；零碳园区示范项目验证了地热能在区域能源系统中的关键作用。未来应重点发展储层改造、多能互补、智能调控等关键技术，同时完善政策支持体系，推动地热能在零碳能源转型中的规模化应用。

关键词: 地热能, 可再生能源, 太阳能, 生物质能, 氢能, 碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS), 人工智能(AI), 零碳能源

Abstract: [Objectives] In the context of “dual carbon” goals (carbon peak and carbon neutrality), promoting large-scale application of geothermal energy in zero-carbon regional energy systems represents a critical pathway for energy transition. This study systematically reviews the research progress in development and utilization technologies of geothermal energy, aiming to reveal its critical role in multi-energy complementary systems and to provide theoretical support and technical pathways for building efficient and stable zero-carbon energy systems. [Methods] This study examines the current research status of heat extraction technologies of direct geothermal energy, ground source heat pump systems, and power generation technologies, and analyzes their existing challenges. It summarizes integrated energy systems that couple geothermal energy with carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), solar energy, biomass energy, and hydrogen energy. Additionally, the study evaluates the architecture of zero-carbon industrial parks and compiles case studies of zero-carbon projects. The prospects of integrating geothermal energy with cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) for the development of zero-carbon systems are explored. Future research directions for geothermal energy development and utilization technologies are proposed. [Conclusions] A preliminary framework for geothermal energy technologies has been established, yet technical bottlenecks—such as deep geothermal exploitation and adaptability of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS)—remain to be overcome. Geothermal-based multi-energy coupled systems can significantly improve energy utilization efficiency, but challenges in system integration optimization and dynamic coordination remain unresolved. Digital technologies such as AI offer innovative approaches for precise geothermal resource development and system optimization. Demonstration projects in zero-carbon industrial parks validate the key role of geothermal energy in regional energy systems. Future efforts should prioritize key technologies such reservoir modification, multi-energy complementarity, and intelligent regulation. Furthermore, policy support mechanisms should be strengthened to facilitate large-scale application of geothermal energy in the zero-carbon energy transition.

Key words: geothermal energy, renewable energy, solar energy, biomass energy, hydrogen energy, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), artificial intelligence (AI), zero-carbon energy

路诗梦, 孙建林, 曾凡杰, 林小杰, 吴均湛, 马添翼, 钟崴. 零碳地热能综合利用技术研究进展[J]. 发电技术.

LU Shimeng, SUN Jianlin, ZENG Fanjie, LIN Xiaojie, WU Junzhan, MA Tianyi, ZHONG Wei. Research Progress on Comprehensive Utilization Technologies of Zero-Carbon Geothermal Energy[J]. Power Generation Technology.

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