半周受热下太阳能吸热器横纹管的热应力分析

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23126

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的在日常运行中，太阳能吸热器管面外壁内外侧热流密度高低不均，导致管壁温分布不均匀、梯度变化大，易产生较高的热应力，从而使吸热管发生变形甚至结构损伤失效。为此，对柱式吸热器中吸热管所受热应力开展了研究。方法采用Ansys中Design Modeler建立吸热管的三维模型，利用Mesh进行网格划分，然后用Fluent对半周受热下吸热管热应力进行数值模拟。结果横纹管在半周受热方式下，高热流密度侧管外壁的热应力最大，高低热流密度受热面的交界处管壁热应力最小。横纹管凹槽处的热应力值大于光滑段，槽宽相同时，槽深越大，横纹管凹槽段的等效热应力最大值越大；槽深相同时，槽宽越大，横纹管等效热应力最大值越小。横纹管的等效热应力最大值随熔盐进口温度的升高而增大，随熔盐进口流速的增大而减小。结论通过热应力分析可知热流密度、槽深、槽宽、进口温度和进口流速对横纹管所受热应力大小的影响规律，对延长柱式吸热器的使用寿命具有重要意义。

关键词: 光热发电, 太阳能吸热器, 柱式吸热器, 横纹管, 热应力, 熔盐, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Objective In daily operation, the outer wall of solar receiver tube is subjected to uneven heat flux between the inner and outer sides at cylindrical receiver, which leads to the uneven distribution of wall temperature and large temperature gradient. It is easy to generate high thermal stress, which causes the deformation and structural damage of receiver tube. Therefore, the thermal stress of the transversally corrugated tube in the cylindrical receiver is studied. Methods The three-dimensional model of the transversally corrugated tube is established by Design Modeler in Ansys, and the mesh is divided by Mesh. The thermal stress of the transversally corrugated tube under semi-circumference heating is numerically simulated by Fluent. Results The outer wall thermal stress at high heat flux side of the tube is the largest, and the wall thermal stress at the junction of the high and low heat flux surfaces is the lowest. The thermal stress value at the groove section of transversally corrugated tube is larger than that of the smooth section. For the same groove width, the groove depth is deeper, and the maximum equivalent thermal stress on the groove section is bigger. For the same groove depth, the groove width is wider, and the maximum equivalent thermal stress is smaller. The maximum equivalent thermal stress of the transversally corrugated tube increases with the rise of molten salt inlet temperature, and the maximum equivalent thermal stress reduces with the increase of molten salt inlet flow rate. Conclusion Through the thermal stress analysis, it can be seen that the influence law of the thermal stress on transversally corrugated tube changes with heat flux, groove depth and width, inlet temperature and inlet flow rate, which is of great significance to prolong the service life of the cylindrical receiver.

Key words: solar thermal power, solar receiver, cylindrical receiver, transversally corrugated tube, thermal stress, molten salt, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TK 513.3

曾宪民, 李柏云, 沈向阳, 陈嘉澍, 丁力行. 半周受热下太阳能吸热器横纹管的热应力分析[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46(1): 190-199.

Xianmin ZENG, Boyun LI, Xiangyang SHEN, Jiashu CHEN, Lixing DING. Thermal Stress Analysis of Transversally Corrugated Tube in Solar Receiver Under Semi-Circumference Heating[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(1): 190-199.

图/表 13

图1 半周受热下横纹管物理模型

Fig. 1 Physical model of a transversally corrugated tube under semi-circumference heating

表1 不锈钢316L的物性参数

Tab. 1 Physical properties of stainless steel 316L

热膨胀系数/

℃^-1

图2 横纹管网格

Fig. 2 Grid of the transversally corrugated tube

图3 熔盐传热Nu与网格数量的关系

Fig. 3 Relationship between the Nu of molten salt heat transfer and the number of grids

图4 Nu模拟值与实验值的比较

Fig. 4 Comparison of Nu simulated value with experimental value

图5 横纹管一个节距的7个典型位置

Fig. 5 Seven typical positions for a pitch of transversally corrugated tube

图6 横纹管截面温度和热应力分布图

Fig. 6 Temperature and thermal stress distribution in the cross-section of transversally corrugated tube

表2 横纹管的槽宽和槽深参数

Tab. 2 Parameters of groove width and groove depth for transversally corrugated tubes

横纹管	槽宽P₁/mm	槽深e/mm
1号管(T1-a)	4.3	0.45
2号管(T1-b)	4.3	0.70
3号管(T1-c)	4.3	0.95
4号管(T2-a)	7.3	0.45
5号管(T2-b)	7.3	0.70
6号管(T2-c)	7.3	0.95

图7 横纹管一个节距各截面三大应力最大值

Fig. 7 Maximum values of the three major stresses in cross-section at a pitch of transversally corrugated tube

图8 不同结构横纹管一个节距各截面的等效热应力最大值

Fig. 8 Maximum values of equivalent thermal stress in cross-section at a pitch for differently structured transversally corrugated tubes

图9 横纹管和光滑圆管等效热应力最大值的比较

Fig. 9 Comparison of the maximum equivalent thermal stress with transversally corrugated tube and smooth circular tube

图10 熔盐温度对横纹管等效热应力最大值的影响

Fig. 10 Effect of molten salt temperature on the maximum equivalent thermal stress of transversally corrugated tube

图11 熔盐流速对横纹管等效热应力最大值的影响

Fig. 11 Effect of molten salt flow rate on the maximum equivalent thermal stress of transversally corrugated tube

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