Power Generation Technology ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 1074-1086.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24170
• Power Generation and Environmental Protection • Previous Articles
Xinrong YAN1,2, Zhiyong HU2, Pengwei ZHANG2, Chenghang ZHENG1, Jun XIANG3, Guo’an TANG2, Jinliang LIU2, Jianxiong GUO2, Yibo HUANG2, Pengfeng YU2, Xiang GAO1
Received:
2024-08-06
Revised:
2024-09-26
Published:
2024-12-31
Online:
2024-12-30
Supported by:
CLC Number:
Xinrong YAN, Zhiyong HU, Pengwei ZHANG, Chenghang ZHENG, Jun XIANG, Guo’an TANG, Jinliang LIU, Jianxiong GUO, Yibo HUANG, Pengfeng YU, Xiang GAO. Research and Application of Operation Flexibility Improvement Technology for Coal-Fired Power Unit[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(6): 1074-1086.
Fig. 1 Composition of installed capacity of various types of power sources under the scenario of high proportion of renewable energy development in China by 2050
Fig. 2 Proportion of electricity generation from various types of power sources under the scenario of high proportion of renewable energy development in China by 2050
发电类型 | 优势 | 劣势 |
---|---|---|
煤电 | 存量大、挖潜空间大 | 增加发电煤耗 |
气电 | 响应快、调节能力强 | 成本高、气源受限 |
常规水电 | 清洁低碳、调节速度快 | 受来水影响 |
抽水蓄能 | 可靠性高、调节速度快 | 建设周期长、选址受限 |
Tab. 1 Comparison of flexibility resources on the power side
发电类型 | 优势 | 劣势 |
---|---|---|
煤电 | 存量大、挖潜空间大 | 增加发电煤耗 |
气电 | 响应快、调节能力强 | 成本高、气源受限 |
常规水电 | 清洁低碳、调节速度快 | 受来水影响 |
抽水蓄能 | 可靠性高、调节速度快 | 建设周期长、选址受限 |
项目 | 技术路线 |
---|---|
锅炉低负荷稳燃 | 精细化燃烧调整 强化回流、浓淡分离稳燃型燃烧器 点火助燃装置升级 制粉系统干燥出力提升 煤粉动态分离器 风粉在线监测均衡调节 折焰角清灰 燃烧协同控制系统优化 |
锅炉水动力安全 | 增设炉水循环系统 干湿态一键自动切换 |
脱硝装置低负荷连续投运 | 中(高)温烟气旁路 省煤器分级布置 省煤器给水再循环 省煤器给水流量置换 省煤器给水旁路 烟气再循环 CFB锅炉炉内喷氨 CFB锅炉配置紧凑型SCR系统 |
空预器预防积灰堵塞 | 低氮燃烧改造 配置SO3脱除装置 脱硝流场和喷氨优化 优化设计蓄热元件结构 提升空预器冷端温度 |
烟道加固及积灰清理 | 烟道支架强度校核加固 增设积灰清理装置 |
锅炉辅机适应性 | 增设风机防失速装置 变频改造 风机单列运行 |
汽机本体安全 | 更换防水蚀低压缸次末级叶片 动叶根部防水蚀喷涂 减温水流量精确控制 增设低压缸叶片健康监测系统 |
汽机辅机适应性 | 辅助蒸汽汽源改造 给水再循环系统改造 加热器疏水系统改造 空冷岛系统防冻改造 轴封系统适应性改造 |
供热安全性 | 低压缸切缸供热改造 高低旁路抽汽供热改造 新增电锅炉 新增热水蓄热罐 |
协调控制系统优化 | DCS基础控制回路优化 重要控制对象调节特性优化 AGC一次调频系统优化 |
Tab. 2 Technical route for improving the flexibility of coal-fired power plant through transformation
项目 | 技术路线 |
---|---|
锅炉低负荷稳燃 | 精细化燃烧调整 强化回流、浓淡分离稳燃型燃烧器 点火助燃装置升级 制粉系统干燥出力提升 煤粉动态分离器 风粉在线监测均衡调节 折焰角清灰 燃烧协同控制系统优化 |
锅炉水动力安全 | 增设炉水循环系统 干湿态一键自动切换 |
脱硝装置低负荷连续投运 | 中(高)温烟气旁路 省煤器分级布置 省煤器给水再循环 省煤器给水流量置换 省煤器给水旁路 烟气再循环 CFB锅炉炉内喷氨 CFB锅炉配置紧凑型SCR系统 |
空预器预防积灰堵塞 | 低氮燃烧改造 配置SO3脱除装置 脱硝流场和喷氨优化 优化设计蓄热元件结构 提升空预器冷端温度 |
烟道加固及积灰清理 | 烟道支架强度校核加固 增设积灰清理装置 |
锅炉辅机适应性 | 增设风机防失速装置 变频改造 风机单列运行 |
汽机本体安全 | 更换防水蚀低压缸次末级叶片 动叶根部防水蚀喷涂 减温水流量精确控制 增设低压缸叶片健康监测系统 |
汽机辅机适应性 | 辅助蒸汽汽源改造 给水再循环系统改造 加热器疏水系统改造 空冷岛系统防冻改造 轴封系统适应性改造 |
供热安全性 | 低压缸切缸供热改造 高低旁路抽汽供热改造 新增电锅炉 新增热水蓄热罐 |
协调控制系统优化 | DCS基础控制回路优化 重要控制对象调节特性优化 AGC一次调频系统优化 |
机组等级 | 改造费用/(万元/台) | 总机组数 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
<2 000 | 2 000~3 000 | 3 000~5 000 | >5 000 | ||
200 MW及以下 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
300 MW | 10 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 29 |
600 MW | 5 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 18 |
Tab. 3 Statistics on the cost of improving the flexibility of the furnace side for different capacity coal electric generator units
机组等级 | 改造费用/(万元/台) | 总机组数 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
<2 000 | 2 000~3 000 | 3 000~5 000 | >5 000 | ||
200 MW及以下 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
300 MW | 10 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 29 |
600 MW | 5 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 18 |
机组等级 | 煤种 | 增加的煤耗/[g/(kW | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
锅炉 | 汽轮机 | 辅机厂用电 | 综合 | ||
300 MW | 烟煤 | 2.4 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 22.4 |
贫煤 | 5.4 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 25.4 | |
600 MW | 烟煤 | 2.4 | 18.0 | 8.0 | 28.4 |
贫煤 | 5.4 | 18.0 | 8.0 | 31.4 | |
平均 | 3.9 | 14.0 | 9.0 | 26.9 |
Tab. 4 Coal consumption increase of unit under 30%Pe deep peak regulation compared with 50%Pe load
机组等级 | 煤种 | 增加的煤耗/[g/(kW | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
锅炉 | 汽轮机 | 辅机厂用电 | 综合 | ||
300 MW | 烟煤 | 2.4 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 22.4 |
贫煤 | 5.4 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 25.4 | |
600 MW | 烟煤 | 2.4 | 18.0 | 8.0 | 28.4 |
贫煤 | 5.4 | 18.0 | 8.0 | 31.4 | |
平均 | 3.9 | 14.0 | 9.0 | 26.9 |
机组等级 | 煤种 | 增加的煤耗/[g/(kW | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
锅炉 | 汽轮机 | 辅机厂用电 | 综合 | ||
300 MW | 烟煤 | 6.2 | 27.0 | 19.0 | 52.2 |
贫煤 | 10.7 | 27.0 | 19.0 | 56.7 | |
600 MW | 烟煤 | 6.2 | 33.0 | 15.2 | 54.4 |
贫煤 | 10.7 | 33.0 | 15.2 | 58.9 | |
平均 | 8.45 | 30.0 | 17.1 | 55.6 |
Tab. 5 Coal consumption increase of unit under 20%Pe deep peak regulation compared with 50%Pe load
机组等级 | 煤种 | 增加的煤耗/[g/(kW | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
锅炉 | 汽轮机 | 辅机厂用电 | 综合 | ||
300 MW | 烟煤 | 6.2 | 27.0 | 19.0 | 52.2 |
贫煤 | 10.7 | 27.0 | 19.0 | 56.7 | |
600 MW | 烟煤 | 6.2 | 33.0 | 15.2 | 54.4 |
贫煤 | 10.7 | 33.0 | 15.2 | 58.9 | |
平均 | 8.45 | 30.0 | 17.1 | 55.6 |
设备 | 部分机组故障 | 检修建议 |
---|---|---|
锅炉 | 低负荷锅炉转态不及时,干态运行水冷壁拉裂、变形;短管-集箱联接处出现疲劳裂纹;受热面氧化皮脱落引发爆管、调门卡涩 | 定期超声无损检查接头、弯头;优化集箱三通结构;定期检测氧化皮 |
汽轮机 | 汽轮机转子、汽缸、阀门等疲劳与蠕变损伤;汽轮机轴系不稳;汽轮机叶片水蚀 | 定期进行叶片防水蚀喷涂;优化叶片气动设计;合理调整汽机通流部分径向间隙;提升缸体刚度 |
热控 | 变负荷工况汽温调节滞后;变负荷工况水位波动;部分辅机调控余量不足;主要参数接近保护动作值 | 丰富精准态势感知手段;提升智能控制应用水平;结合实践优化逻辑保护 |
发电机 | 定转子槽楔、端部线棒、环形引线松动;绝缘磨损致绕组接地;定转子线圈温度异常;发电机轴系振动增加 | 定期进行转子通风通流试验;定期检查转子绕组引线及固定结构;定期进行转子频域阻抗分析试验 |
Tab. 6 Equipment malfunctions and maintenance suggestions in long-term operation
设备 | 部分机组故障 | 检修建议 |
---|---|---|
锅炉 | 低负荷锅炉转态不及时,干态运行水冷壁拉裂、变形;短管-集箱联接处出现疲劳裂纹;受热面氧化皮脱落引发爆管、调门卡涩 | 定期超声无损检查接头、弯头;优化集箱三通结构;定期检测氧化皮 |
汽轮机 | 汽轮机转子、汽缸、阀门等疲劳与蠕变损伤;汽轮机轴系不稳;汽轮机叶片水蚀 | 定期进行叶片防水蚀喷涂;优化叶片气动设计;合理调整汽机通流部分径向间隙;提升缸体刚度 |
热控 | 变负荷工况汽温调节滞后;变负荷工况水位波动;部分辅机调控余量不足;主要参数接近保护动作值 | 丰富精准态势感知手段;提升智能控制应用水平;结合实践优化逻辑保护 |
发电机 | 定转子槽楔、端部线棒、环形引线松动;绝缘磨损致绕组接地;定转子线圈温度异常;发电机轴系振动增加 | 定期进行转子通风通流试验;定期检查转子绕组引线及固定结构;定期进行转子频域阻抗分析试验 |
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