Joint Simulation Study on Load Characteristics of Wind Turbines in Low Voltage Ride Through Process

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23007

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective The grid fault of voltage drop will cause severe variations to the load of wind turbines, and seriously affect the safe and stable operation of wind turbines. With the increasing of the wind turbine scale, the blade length and the tower height increase continually, leading to the increase of the sensitivity of load characteristics to the system parameter fluctuations. Therefore, it is necessary to study the load and vibration characteristics of key components in the process of grid voltage drop. Methods A data interaction method based on dynamic link library and Socket communication was proposed, and a joint simulation method of Simulink and Bladed was established. Firstly, based on a 3.4 MW wind turbine model, the joint simulation platform was verified by a given wind speed variation condition. Then, the relationship between the overall performance of the unit and the load of the blade and tower during low voltage ride through (LVRT) was studied. Results The amplitude of grid voltage drop has a great impact on the generator power, and has little impact on the wind turbine control parameters. In the process of LVRT, the blade pitch angle and rotational speed of the wind turbine fluctuate for a long time, the load change at the outer blade span is greater than that at the inner blade span, the blade tip displacement increases, and the vibration frequency of the tower is close to the natural frequency. These potential risks should be considered in wind turbine design. Conclusion The joint simulation platform can effectively simulate the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbines and the transient characteristics of the component loads, and provide a reference for the optimal control of the unit.

Key words: new energy power generation, wind turbines, joint simulation, low voltage ride through (LVRT), transient characteristic, load

CLC Number:

TK 81

Yaohan WANG, Yangfan ZHANG, Qingxu ZHAO, Xiaodong WANG, Kai LIANG, Yu WANG. Joint Simulation Study on Load Characteristics of Wind Turbines in Low Voltage Ride Through Process[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(4): 705-715.

Figures/Tables 20

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of joint simulation system

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of blade element modeling

Fig. 3 Wind speed sequence diagram

Fig. 4 Generator power comparison

Fig. 5 Pitch angle comparison

Fig. 6 Rotor speed comparison

Fig. 7 Generator power variation curves

Fig. 8 Rotor speed variation curves

Fig. 9 Pitch angle variation curves

Fig. 10 Variation curves of internal span section torque

Fig. 11 Variation curves of outer span section torque

Fig. 12 Analysis of internal span section torque spectrum

Fig. 13 Rotor torque variation curve

Tab. 1 Load and displacement data during LVRT

参数	正常工况	工况1		工况2
参数	正常工况	数值	增幅	数值	增幅
风轮扭矩/(kN⋅m)	3 030	3 423	12.9%	3 667	21.0%
外叶展扭矩/(kN⋅m)	3.75	4.57	21.9%	4.72	25.9%
叶尖位移/m	1.2	1.35	12.5%	1.43	19.2%

Fig. 14 Bladed tip displacement variation curve

Fig. 15 Tower thrust variation curves

Fig. 16 Tower torque variation curves

Fig. 17 Tower displacement variation curves

Tab. 2 Tower load and displacement data

参数	正常工况	工况1		工况2
参数	正常工况	数值	增幅	数值	增幅
位移/cm	7.90	14.48	83%	15.76	99.5%
推力/kN	350.0	461.6	31%	485.5	38.0%
弯矩/(kN⋅m)	19 415	29 510	52%	31 733	63.4%

Fig. 18 Analysis of tower torque spectrum

References 28

1	魏韡，范越，谢睿，等．平抑高比例新能源发电功率波动的风-光-储容量最优配比[J]．电力建设，2023，44(3)：138-147． doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2023.03.014
	WEI W， FAN Y， XIE R，et al ．Optimal ratio of wind-solar-storage capacity for mitigating the power fluctuations in power system with high penetration of renewable energy power generation[J]．Electric Power Construction，2023，44(3)：138-147． doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2023.03.014
2	蒙志全，楼贤嗣，时涵，等．面向电力系统调度需求的负荷资源调控技术研究综述[J]．浙江电力，2022，41(8)：31-40．
	MENG Z Q， LOU X S， SHI H，et al ．A review of load resource scheduling and control geared to the needs of power system scheduling[J]．Zhejiang Electric Power，2022，41(8)：31-40．
3	尹昌洁，权楠，苏凯，等．我国分布式能源发展现状及展望[J]．分布式能源，2022，7(2)：1-7．
	YIN C J， QUAN N， SU K，et al ．Status and outlook of distributed energy development in China[J]．Distributed Energy，2022，7(2)：1-7．
4	尚勇，王喆，严欢，等．“双碳” 背景下陕西新型电力系统研究探索[J]．电网与清洁能源，2023，39(12)：20-27．
	SHANG Y， WANG Z， YAN H，et al ．Research exploration of Shaanxi new type power system in the background of “dual carbon”[J]．Power System and Clean Energy，2023，39(12)：20-27．
5	文劲宇，周博，魏利屾．中国未来电力系统储电网初探[J]．电力系统保护与控制，2022，50(7)：1-10． doi:10.1109/mc.2017.52
	WEN J Y， ZHOU B， WEI L S ．Preliminary study on an energy storage grid for future power system in China[J]．Power System Protection and Control，2022，50(7)：1-10． doi:10.1109/mc.2017.52
6	刘宇，丛雨，郝晓玮，等．基于PSD-BPA的双馈风电机组分段故障穿越特性及控制模式分析[J]．内蒙古电力技术，2023，41(3)：8-15．
	LIU Y， CONG Y， HAO X W，et al ．Analysis of segmented fault ride-through characteristics and control modes of double-fed wind turbines based on PSD-BPA[J]．Inner Mongolia Electric Power，2023，41(3)：8-15．
7	高长伟，黄翀阳，郑伟强，等．虚拟阻抗制动可再生能源机组低电压穿越控制[J]．电力系统保护与控制，2023，51(10)：142-152．
	GAO C W， HUANG C Y， ZHENG W Q，et al ．Low voltage ride-through control of a renewable energy unit with virtual impedance braking[J]．Power System Protection and Control，2023，51(10)：142-152．
8	王伟，孙明冬，朱晓东．双馈式风力发电机低电压穿越技术分析[J]．电力系统自动化，2007，31(23)：84-89． doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1026.2007.23.019
	WANG W， SUN M D， ZHU X D ．Analysis on the low voltage ride through technology of DFIG[J]．Automation of Electric Power Systems，2007，31(23)：84-89． doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1026.2007.23.019
9	刘海金，靳鹤志，王金浩，等．含高比例分布式电源的直流配电系统故障恢复过电压机理及其抑制[J]．电测与仪表，2023，60(11)：45-52．
	LIU H J， JIN H Z， WANG J H，et al ．Fault recovery overvoltage mechanism and its suppression in DC distribution system with high-proportion DG penetration[J]．Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation，2023，60(11)：45-52．
10	胡家兵，孙丹，贺益康，等．电网电压骤降故障下双馈风力发电机建模与控制[J]．电力系统自动化，2006，30(8)：21-26． doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1026.2006.08.005
	HU J B， SUN D， HE Y K，et al ．Modeling and control of DFIG wind energy generation system under grid voltage dip[J]．Automation of Electric Power Systems，2006，30(8)：21-26． doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-1026.2006.08.005
11	杨玉坤，许建中．基于超级电容储能的大容量直驱风电机组低电压穿越策略[J]．电力系统保护与控制，2023，51(18)：106-116．
	YANG Y K， XU J Z ．Low voltage ride-through strategy for high-capacity direct-drive wind turbines based on supercapacitor energy storage[J]．Power System Protection and Control，2023，51(18)：106-116．
12	PAK L F， DINAVAHI V ．Real-time simulation of a wind energy system based on the doubly-fed induction generator[J]．IEEE Transactions on Power Systems，2009，24(3)：1301-1309． doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2009.2021200
13	朱月，沙俊民，赵静．含不同机组风电场低电压穿越能力仿真研究[J]．发电技术，2020，41(3)：328-333． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.18132
	ZHU Y， SHA J M， ZHAO J ．Simulation study on low voltage ride-through capability of wind farms with different units[J]．Power Generation Technology，2020，41(3)：328-333． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.18132
14	尹尧杰，廖明夫，吕品，等．电压跌落对风力机叶片振动影响分析[J]．振动与冲击，2016，35(10)：192-201．
	YIN Y J， LIAO M F， LÜ P，et al ．Investigation of voltage sag impact on wind turbine blade vibrations[J]．Journal of Vibration and Shock，2016，35(10)：192-201．
15	朱志权．兆瓦级风电机组低电压穿越过程运行特性分析[J]．电机与控制应用，2022，49(8)：87-92． doi:10.12177/emca.2022.081
	ZHU Z Q ．Analysis on operation characteristics of MW-level wind turbine during low voltage ride through[J]．Electric Machines & Control Application，2022，49(8)：87-92． doi:10.12177/emca.2022.081
16	周昳鸣，闫姝，刘鑫，等．中国海上风电支撑结构一体化设计综述[J]．发电技术，2023，44(1)：36-43． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22033
	ZHOU Y M， YAN S， LIU X，et al ．Summary of offshore wind support structure integrated design in China[J]．Power Generation Technology，2023，44(1)：36-43． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22033
17	MOHAMMADI E， FADAEINEDJAD R， MOALLEM M ．A new control strategy to suppress the tower vibrations of variable speed wind turbines[J]．Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy，2014，6(3)：33106． doi:10.1063/1.4871470
18	付德义，秦世耀，薛扬，等．风电机组低电压穿越过程机械载荷特性研究[J]．太阳能学报，2016，37(5)：1100-1106． doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-0096.2016.05.003
	FU D Y， QIN S Y， XUE Y，et al ．Wind turbine mechanical load characteristics research during LVRT[J]．Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica，2016，37(5)：1100-1106． doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-0096.2016.05.003
19	胡文平，周文，王磊，等．基于联合仿真的风电机组低电压穿越传动链扭振抑制研究[J]．电力系统保护与控制，2016，44(24)：196-201． doi:10.7667/PSPC152181
	HU W P， ZHOU W， WANG L，et al ．Study on suppression strategy for wind turbine drive train torsional vibration under grid fault based on co-simulation[J]．Power System Protection and Control，2016，44(24)：196-201． doi:10.7667/PSPC152181
20	应有，孙勇，杨靖，等．大型双馈风电机组电网故障穿越过程载荷特性分析[J]．电力系统自动化，2020，44(12)：131-138． doi:10.7500/AEPS20190911006
	YING Y， SUN Y， YANG J，et al ．Load characteristic analysis of grid fault ride-through process for DFIG based large wind turbine[J]．Automation of Electric Power Systems，2020，44(12)：131-138． doi:10.7500/AEPS20190911006
21	敬维．基于GH Bladed和MATLAB的交互软件及风机的变桨控制研究[D]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2011．
	JING W ．Research on interactive software and variable pitch control of fan based on GH Bladed and MATLAB[D]．Harbin：Harbin Institute of Technology，2011．
22	刘国祥，崔新维．基于Bladed和MATLAB的风机联合建模与仿真[J]．机械工程与自动化，2013(5)：67-69．
	LIU G X， CUI X W ．Joint modeling and simulation analysis of wind turbine based on MATLAB and bladed[J]．Mechanical Engineering & Automation，2013(5)：67-69．
23	刘兴华，敬维，林威．GH Bladed和Matlab的交互软件设计及风力发电机的独立变桨控制器仿真研究[J]．中国电机工程学报，2013，33(22)：83-88．
	LIU X H， JING W， LIN W ．Interactive software platform design based on GH bladed and Matlab with simulation study of individual pitch controller of wind turbine[J]．Proceedings of the CSEE，2013，33(22)：83-88．
24	程利民．基于Bladed与Matlab的风力发电机组控制器设计[J]．山东工业技术，2016(15)：137．
	CHENG L M ．Design of wind turbine controller based on bladed and Matlab[J]．Journal of Shandong Industrial Technology，2016(15)：137．
25	高峰，王伟，杨锡运．基于免疫遗传算法的风力发电机组变增益PI控制器参数整定与优化[J]．动力工程学报，2016，36(1)：22-29． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7607.2016.01.004
	GAO F， WANG W， YANG X Y ．Parameters tuning and optimization for variable-gain PI controller of wind turbine based on immune genetic algorithm[J]．Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering，2016，36(1)：22-29． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7607.2016.01.004
26	杨靖，张书涵，许国东，等．双馈风电机组电能质量特性联合仿真建模分析[J]．新能源进展，2021，9(6)：540-546． doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2021.06.012
	YANG J， ZHANG S H， XU G D，et al ．United simulation analysis of power quality characteristics of DFIG wind turbines[J]．Advances in New and Renewable Energy，2021，9(6)：540-546． doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2021.06.012
27	罗亚非．基于TCP的Socket多线程通信[J]．电脑知识与技术，2009，5(3)：563-565． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-3044.2009.03.020
	LUO Y F ．The multi-thread communication of Socket based on TCP[J]．Computer Knowledge and Technology，2009，5(3)：563-565． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-3044.2009.03.020
28	全国风力机械标准化技术委员会．风力发电机组故障电压穿越能力测试规程：GB∕T 36995—2018 [S]．北京：中国标准出版社，2019．
	National Technical Committee for Standardization of Wind Machinery ． Wind turbines：test procedure of voltage fault ride though capability： [S]．Beijing：Standards Press of China，2019．

[1]	Yong DING. Research on Deep Peak Shaving Performance of 1 000 MW Ultra-Supercritical Coal-Fired Boiler [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(3): 382-391.
[2]	Qiwei ZHENG, Huating WANG, Heng CHEN, Peiyuan PAN, Gang XU. Analysis on Thermoelectric Decoupling Technology Paths for Thermal Power Units Under the Background of Deep Peak-Shaving [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(2): 207-215.
[3]	Qigang DENG, Zhuo LÜ, You SHI, Jiayi LU, Xu ZHOU, Aoyu WANG, Dong YANG. Safety Calculation and Analysis of Water Wall for a 700 MW Ultra-Supercritical Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Without External Bed After Power Failure [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(2): 240-249.
[4]	Yu FENG, Youbin SONG, Sheng JIN, Jiahuan FENG, Xuechen SHI, Yongjie YU, Xianchao HUANG. Improved Deep Learning Model for Forecasting Short-Term Load Based on Random Forest Algorithm and Rough Set Theory [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(6): 889-895.
[5]	He HUANG, Yan WANG, Nian JIANG, Qiang WU, Yajing ZHANG, Xiuyuan YANG. Optimal Control of Residents’ Controllable Load Resources Considering Different Demands of Users [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(6): 896-908.
[6]	Ning ZHANG, Hao ZHU, Lingxiao YANG, Cungang HU. Optimal Scheduling Strategy of Multi-Energy Complementary Virtual Power Plant Considering Renewable Energy Consumption [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(5): 625-633.
[7]	Yongjie ZHONG, Ling JI, Jingxia LI, Jianxun ZUO, Zidong WANG, Shiwei WU. System Framework and Comprehensive Functions of Intelligent Operation Management and Control Platform for Virtual Power Plant [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(5): 656-666.
[8]	Lixin HUO, Richeng WANG. Study on Steam Supply Scheme of Seawater Desalination System Under Low Load Condition of Dual-Purpose Power and Water Plant Units [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(5): 722-730.
[9]	Xin TANG, Yiran QIAN, Huawei FANG, Yang LI, Siguang LI, Jingwei YI, Weixiong CHEN, Junjie YAN. A Review of Control Strategies for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(4): 492-501.
[10]	Xiyong YANG, Yangfei ZHANG, Gang LIN, Yuzhuo ZHANG, Yunzhan AN, Haotian YANG. Multi-Time Scale Collaborative Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Source-Load-Storage Considering Demand Response [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(2): 253-260.
[11]	Xin YIN, Feng ZHANG, Balati ADILI, Xiqiang CHANG, Wuhui CHEN, Changjun LI, Xueming LI, Shaowei YUAN. Study on Participation of Electricity-driven Thermal Load in Real-time Scheduling of New Power System [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(1): 115-124.
[12]	Meng KANG, Yiqing ZHONG, Xin SHI, Gangcheng WEN, Fang FANG. Research on Two-stage Optimization Approach of Community Integrated Energy System Considering Load Supply Reliability [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(1): 25-35.
[13]	Xiwu LENG, Chuang LIU, Lei HE, Jian XING. Research and Application of Grid-Connected Operation Standard for Adjustable Load [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(6): 834-842.
[14]	Fujian CHI, Kuo SUN, Zhang ZHANG, Yuan ZHANG, Qian WU. Implementation of Core Algorithm of Electrical Calculation in Grid Planning System [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(6): 860-868.
[15]	Qiyao ZUO, Zhen TANG, Huiyong LI, Ying ZHANG, Jiangfeng WANG. Overview on the Current Situation of Steam Turbine Low-Pressure Cylinder Zero-Output Technology Under Background of Power Grid Peak Regulation [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(4): 645-654.