Review of Intelligent Charging and Discharging Control and Application of Electric Vehicles

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.20022

Abstract

Abstract:

With the increasing integration scale of electric vehicles, their impact on the operation and control of the power system cannot be ignored. As a controllable load, the charging and discharging control of electric vehicles can effectively weaken the adverse effects brought by the charging load, and can also play a role of peak-shaving and valley-filling, and promote the consumption of new energy, which will become an important means of power system operation control. The factors to be considered in charging load modeling were firstly given, and the methods for establishing electric vehicle load forecasting models were summarized. Then, the feasible methods of electric vehicle participating in power grid dispatching were reviewed, and the characteristics of different methods were revealed. At the same time, in order to promote the willingness of electric vehicles to participate in dispatching, the architecture and methods of using blockchain to complete electric vehicle power trading were introduced. Finally, the unsolved problems and possible research directions were discussed.

Key words: electric vehicle, charging load, intelligent control, blockchain, power system

CLC Number:

TM73

Yuhuan HE, Xiuyuan YANG, Qiyu CHEN, Siqi BU, Zhiqiang XU, Tianying XIAO. Review of Intelligent Charging and Discharging Control and Application of Electric Vehicles[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(2): 180-192.

Figures/Tables 11

Tab. 1 Performance comparison of different types of batteries

性能	锂离子电池	镍镉电池	镍氢电池
工作电压/V	3.7	1.2	1.2
电池容量	高	低	中
质量比能量/(W·h/kg)	100~160	45	60
体积比能量/(W·h/L)	280	160	210
循环寿命/次	500~1 000	300~700	200~600
放电率/(%/月)	2~5	15~30	25~35
低温性能	较差	优	优
高温性能	优	一般	差
记忆效应	无	有	无

Tab. 2 Performance comparison of different types of electric vehicles

性能	比亚迪E6	荣威Ei5	宝马i3	Model X
最大功率/kW	120	85	125	487
电池容量/(kW·h)	82.0	52.5	42.2	100.0
快充时间/h	1.50	0.67	0.70	1.00
慢充时间/h	8.0	8.5	4.9	10.0
续航里程/km	400	420	340	575
最大扭矩/(N·m)	450	255	250	404

Fig.1 Calculation flow chart of electric vehicle charging load based on Monte Carlo simulation

Fig.2 Calculation flow chart of electric vehicle charging load based on travel chain

Fig.3 Calculation flow chart of electric vehicle charging load based on vehicle-road-network model

Fig.4 Diagram of interaction between electric vehicle and power grid

Fig.5 Electric vehicle management framework based on centralized control

Fig.6 Flow chart of distributed control strategy

Fig.7 Electric vehicle management framework based on distributed control

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of electric vehicle electric power transaction architecture based on blockchain

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of electric vehicle electric power transaction process based on blockchain

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