基于高温质子交换膜燃料电池和全钒液流电池的离网能源系统的配置优化

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21057

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

提出并分析了一种以高温质子交换膜燃料电池(high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell，HT-PEMFC)为核心的能源系统，采用全钒液流电池(vanadium redox flow battery，VRFB)作为储能装置，弥补了系统在满足负载需求上的缺陷。分析了HT-PEMFC和VRFB的工作原理及输出性能，同时确定相关评估指标，探究系统最优配置，且分析了燃料电池负载率与运行效率的关系，将上游耗氢量也纳入考虑范围。探讨了以燃料电池为主供应电源的混合能源系统的配置优化，结果表明：在燃料电池负载率为22%时，总效率为41%，此时总年化成本取得最小值，相对于百分百负载的情况，系统投资成本上升了212.5%，但燃料成本下降了41.7%，系统整体增益明显。

关键词: 高温质子交换膜燃料电池(HT-PEMFC), 全钒液流电池(VRFB), 效益评估, 能源配置

Abstract:

In this paper, an energy system with high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) as the core was proposed and analyzed, and the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) was used as the energy storage device, which made up for the defects of the system in meeting the load demand. The working principle and output performance of HT-PEMFC and VRFB were analyzed. At the same time, the relevant evaluation indicators were determined to explore the optimal configuration of the system, and the relationship between the fuel cell load rate and operating efficiency was analyzed. The upstream hydrogen consumption was also taken into consideration. The configuration optimization of hybrid energy system with fuel cell as the main supply power was discussed. The results show that when the fuel cell load rate is 22% and total efficiency is 41%, the total annual cost is the minimum. Compared with the full load condition, the system investment cost is increased by 212.5%, but the fuel cost is decreased by 41.7%. The overall system gain is obvious.

Key words: high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC), vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), benefit evaluation, energy configuration

中图分类号:

TK 01

黄雅琨, 刘进一, 张筱松. 基于高温质子交换膜燃料电池和全钒液流电池的离网能源系统的配置优化[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(2): 305-312.

Yakun HUANG, Jinyi LIU, Xiaosong ZHANG. Configuration Optimization of Off-Grid Energy System Based on HT-PEMFC and VRFB[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(2): 305-312.

图/表 9

图1 购物中心负载逐时变化曲线

Fig. 1 Hourly average load demand curve during a day of shopping mall

图2 混合能源系统图

Fig. 2 Hybrid energy system diagram

图3 HT-PEMFC特性曲线

Fig. 3 Characteristic curves of HT-PEMFC

图4 负载率-效率曲线

Fig. 4 Load rate-efficiency curve

表1 组件的关键参数

Tab. 1 Key parameters of components

组件	效率/%	成本/ (美元/kW)	替换成本/ (美元/kW)	(运维成本/ 投资成本)/%	寿命/年
HT-PEMFC	28.2~72.9	3 000	3 000	2.5	7
VRFB	90	223	110	1.0	20
DC/DC	95	40	40	0.5	25
DC/AC	95	40	40	0.5	25

图5 确定最小成本系统配置流程图

Fig. 5 Flowchart of ascertaining the minimal cost system configuration

图6 最大功率与单日用氢成本关系

Fig. 6 Relationship between the rated power and daily hydrogen cost

图7 燃料电池最大功率与年化成本关系

Fig. 7 Relationship between the rated power and annualized cost

图8 燃料电池最大功率与总年化成本关系

Fig. 8 Relationship between the rated power and total annualized cost

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