高渗透率分布式电源控制方法

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.19093

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微电网中可再生能源渗透率越来越高，微电网惯性和阻尼不足等问题越来越突出，而分布式电源控制是实现微电网控制及可靠运行的前提。根据PQ、V/f、Droop三种典型微电源控制方法的基本原理和基于VSG的新型整体控制策略，利用Matlab/Simulink仿真环境，在阐述原理的基础上，通过搭建仿真模型证明了各控制方法的正确性和实效性。所搭建的仿真模型可用于微电网离、并网运行研究，并为微电网的控制提供参考，具有一定的通用性和拓展性。

关键词: 微电网, 分布式电源, Matlab/Simulink, 控制方法

Abstract:

In view of the increasing permeability of renewable energy in microgrid, the problems of inertia and insufficient damping of microgrid are more and more prominent. The distributed power control has become a prerequisite for the control and reliable operation of microgrid. According to the basic principles of three typical micro-power control methods (i.e., PQ, V/f and Droop), and the new overall control strategy based on VSG, the simulation models were built in the Matlab/Simulink environment. Moreover, the correctness and effectiveness of the designed models were verified. The results show that the designed models can be used to study the off-grid and grid-connected operation of microgrid. The models have good versatility and scalability, and can provide a reference for the control of microgrid.

Key words: microgrid, distributed power, Matlab/Simulink, control method

中图分类号:

TK01
TM74

陆永耕, 李建刚, 黄禹铭, 李柏玉. 高渗透率分布式电源控制方法[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(1): 103-114.

Yonggeng LU, Jiangang LI, Yuming HUANG, Baiyu LI. High-permeability Distributed Power Control Method[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(1): 103-114.

图/表 24

图1 微电网结构

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of a microgrid

图2 三相电压型逆变器控制系统结构

Fig.2 Block diagram of three-phase voltage inverter control system

图3 PQ控制原理

Fig.3 Principles of PQ control

图4 PQ控制结构

Fig.4 Block diagram of PQ control

图5 功率控制和电流控制的结构

Fig.5 Block diagram of power and current control

图6 PQ控制模型

Fig.6 Model of PQ control

图7 PQ控制仿真模型

Fig.7 Simulation model of PQ control

表1 PQ控制仿真模型参数设置

Tab. 1 Parameter setting of PQ controlsimulation model

模块	参数设置
DG	V_dc=800 V，r=0.01Ω，L=0.009 H，C=500 μF
PQ	0~0.5 s：P_ref=40 kW，Q_ref=30 kV·A 0.5~1.0 s：P_ref=45 kW，Q_ref=47 kV·A 电流环：k_ip=30，k_ii=100
负载	P=50 kW，Q=0 kV·A
配电网	三相对称，$u = 220\sqrt 2 \sin \left( {100{\rm{ }}\pi t} \right)$

图8 PQ控制仿真结果

Fig.8 Simulation results of PQ control

图9 V/f控制原理

Fig.9 Principles of V/f control

图10 V/f控制结构

Fig.10 Block diagram of V/f control

图11 V/f控制模型

Fig.11 Model of V/f control

图12 V/f控制仿真模型

Fig.12 Simulation model of V/f control

表2 V/f控制仿真模型参数设置

Tab. 2 Parameter setting of V/f controlsimulation model

模块	参数设置
微电源	V_dc=1 000 V，R=0.1Ω，L=800 μH，C=500 μF
V/f	0~0.5 s：U_load-ref=220 V(负载相间电压有效值) 0.5~1.0 s：U_load-ref=380 V 电流环PI：k_ip=10，k_ii=2 000 电压环P：k_p=0.5
负载	P=50 kW，Q=0 kV·A

图13 V/f控制仿真结果

Fig.13 Simulation results of V/f control

图14 Droop控制原理

Fig.14 Principles of Droop control

图15 Droop控制结构

Fig.15 Block diagram of Droop control

图16 Droop控制仿真模型

Fig.16 Simulation model of Droop control

表3 Droop控制仿真模型参数设置

Tab. 3 Parameter setting of Droop controlsimulation model

模块	参数设置
DG	V_dc=1 000 V，r=0.01Ω，L=800 μH，C=500 μF
Droop	0~0.5 s，负载1、2同时运行；0.5 s，切除负载2 $ a={\rm{e}}^{5}，b=\rm{1/}3{\rm{e}}^{5}$，P_n=50 kW，f_n=50 Hz，U_n=380 V 电流环PI，k_ip=10，k_ii=2 000；电压环P，k_p=0.5
负载1	P₁=60 kW，Q₁=7.8 kV·A
负载2	P₂=15 kW，Q₂=7.2 kV·A

图17 Droop控制仿真结果

Fig.17 Simulation results of Droop control

图18 VSG控制结构

Fig.18 Block diagram of VSG control

图19 VSG控制仿真模型

Fig.19 Simulation model of VSG control

表4 VSG控制仿真模型参数设置

Tab. 4 Parameter setting of VSG controlsimulation model

模块	参数设置
DG	V_dc=800 V，r=0.1Ω，L=600 μH，C=1 500 μF
Droop	0~0.5 s：负载1、2同时运行 0.5 s：切除负载2 D_p=40.5，D_q=227.3，J=0.5 P_n=20 kW，Q_n=0 kV·A f_n=50 Hz，U_ref=311 V 电流环PI：k_ip=30，k_ii=100 电压环P：k_p=0.5
负载1	P₁=40 kW，Q₁=0 kV·A
负载2	P₂=10 kW，Q₂=10 kV·A

图20 VSG控制仿真结果

Fig.20 Simulation results of VSG control

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