储能在电网中的应用价值及其商业模式

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.2018.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着风电、光伏渗透率逐渐增大，其并网给电网稳定运行带来了诸多挑战。储能技术可以有效平抑新能源功率波动，增强新能源发电可控性，提高新能源的并网接入能力，因此在电网中配置储能的相关研究与技术受到越来越多的关注。以储能系统接入电网的功能为切入点，针对储能系统在调频、调峰、备用容量和延缓输配电扩容升级等4种场景中的应用价值进行研究和归纳，讨论了储能相关商业模式的发展前景和未来待研究的关键科学问题。

关键词: 储能系统, 调频, 调峰, 备用容量, 应用价值, 商业模式

Abstract:

The increasing penetration rate of wind power and photovoltaic challenges the stable operation of the grid. Energy storage technology can effectively control the fluctuation of renewable energy generation, enhance the controllability of renewable energy power generation and improve the accessing capability of renewable energy sources connected to the grid. Therefore, the related research and technology of energy storage systems in the grid are getting more and more attention. In this paper, taking energy storage systems to access the grid as a starting point, the application value of energy storage systems in four scenarios such as frequency regulation, peak regulation, backup capacity, delay transmission and distribution expansion were studied and summarized. The development prospects of the commercial modes related to energy storage systems and the key scientific issues to be studied in the future were discussed.

Key words: energy storage system, frequency regulation, peak regulation, backup capacity, application value, commercial modes

韩晓娟,艾瑶瑶,李相俊. 储能在电网中的应用价值及其商业模式[J]. 发电技术, 2018, 39(1): 77-83.

Xiaojuan HAN,Yaoyao AI,Xiangjun LI. Application Value of Energy Storage Systems in the Power Grid and Its Commercial Modes[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2018, 39(1): 77-83.

参考文献

1	严干贵, 王昱博, 钟诚, 等. 风储联合系统调频控制策略研究[J]. 电力建设, 2016, 37 (12): 55- 60.
2	郑重, 杨振勇, 李卫华. 风电与火电机组的一次调频技术分析及比较[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2017, 37 (12): 92- 100.
3	王龙, 刘洪, 王浩鸣. 光蓄互补系统接入对配电网供电可靠性的影响[J]. 发电与空调, 2012, 33 (3): 14- 18.
4	黎永华.结合储能的并网光伏发电对电网的调峰作用分析[D].北京:华北电力大学, 2012.
5	李岱昕. 盘点2016上半年中国储能产业发展[J]. 高科技与产业化, 2016, (9): 24- 27.
6	周宇昊, 张海珍, 宋胜男. 多能互补分布式能源试验平台系统关键技术研究[J]. 发电与空调, 2017, 38 (6): 5- 9, 37.
7	梁甜甜, 高赐威, 王蓓蓓. 智能电网下电力需求侧管理应用[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2012, 32 (5): 81- 85.
8	王天旺, 高赟, 姜孟, 等. 虚拟电厂下计及分布式风电与储能系统的电力系统优化调度[J]. 电力建设, 2016, 37 (11): 108- 114.
9	苏新霞, 周璇卿. 储能应用于需求侧响应的商业模式[J]. 科技与创新, 2017, 19 (5): 5- 6.
10	刘坚. 储能技术经济性现状及商业化运行障碍[J]. 中国能源, 2017, 39 (7): 36- 40.
11	李相俊, 王上行, 惠东. 电池储能系统运行控制与应用方法综述及展望[J]. 电网技术, 2017, 41 (10): 3315- 3325.
12	Wu L, Gao W, Cui Z, et al. A novel frequency regulation strategy with the application of energy storage system for large scale wind power integration[C]. Proceedings of Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech), 2015 Seventh Annual IEEE. IEEE: New Orleans, United states, 2015.
13	孙冰莹, 杨水丽, 刘宗歧, 等. 国内外兆瓦级储能调频示范应用现状分析与启示[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2017, 41 (11): 8- 16, 38.
14	李欣然, 邓涛, 黄际元, 等. 储能电池参与电网快速调频的自适应控制策略[J]. 高电压技术, 2017, 43 (7): 2362- 2369.
15	雷杨, 马宁宁, 康积涛, 等. 基于AHP/GA的储能装置参与电网调频控制器参数优化[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2017, 37 (8): 227- 233.
16	陈丽娟, 姜宇轩, 汪春. 改善电厂调频性能的储能策略研究和容量配置[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2017, 37 (8): 52- 59.
17	Pradeepkumar M, Tamil pandian A. Frequency regulation of grid by wind turbine using energy storage system and SOC feedback control[C]. Proceedings of 2015 International Conference on Innovations in Information, Embedded and Communication Systems (ICⅡECS). IEEE: Coimbatore, India, 2015.
18	Huang J , Li Xinran , Cao Y , et al. Battery energy storage power supply simulation model for power grid frequency regulation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39 (18): 20- 24, 74.
19	李欣然, 黄际元, 李培强, 等. 考虑电池储能仿真模型的一次调频特性评估[J]. 高电压技术, 2015, 41 (7): 2135- 2141.
20	Jin T H , Mo C , Shin K Y , et al. Real-time dynamic simulation of korean power grid for frequency regulation control by MW battery energy storage system[J]. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, 2016, 4 (4): 392- 407.
21	黄际元, 李欣然, 常敏, 等. 考虑储能电池参与一次调频技术经济模型的容量配置方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32 (21): 112- 121.
22	黄际元, 李欣然, 曹一家, 等. 考虑储能参与快速调频动作时机与深度的容量配置方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30 (12): 454- 464.
23	Stroe D I, Knap V, Swierczynski M J, et al. Suggested operation grid-connected lithium-ion battery energy storage system for primary frequency regulation: lifetime perspective[C]. Proceedings of Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE: Montreal, Canada, 2015: 1105-1111.
24	Huang J Y , Li X R , Zhou T T , et al. Optimal capacity allocation for supercapacitor energy storage system in power grid primary frequency regulation[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2015, 1662-8985 (1070-1072): 407- 417.
25	李允超, 宋华伟, 马洪涛, 等. 储能技术发展现状研究[J]. 发电与空调, 2017, 38 (4): 56- 61.
26	Choi J W , Heo S Y , Kim M K . Hybrid operation strategy of wind energy storage system for power grid frequency regulation[J]. Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution, 2016, 10 (3): 736- 749.
27	宋永, 黄继军, 黄际元, 等. 储能电池参与电网快速调频的场景分析[J]. 电气应用, 2017, 36 (11): 52- 56.
28	Sharma V , Gidwani L . Frequency regulation of electric grid with wind power using energy storage system[J]. International Journal of Grid & Distributed Computing, 2015, 8 (3): 267- 274.
29	胡泽春, 夏睿, 吴林林, 等. 考虑储能参与调频的风储联合运行优化策略[J]. 电网技术, 2016, 40 (8): 2251- 2257.
30	孙冰莹,刘宗歧,杨水丽,等.补偿度实时优化的储能-火电联合AGC调频策略[J/OL].电网技术: 1-10[2017-12-28]. https://doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2017.1466.
31	徐国栋, 程浩忠, 马紫峰, 等. 用于缓解电网调峰压力的储能系统规划方法综述[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2017, 37 (8): 3- 11.
32	黎静华, 汪赛. 兼顾技术性和经济性的储能辅助调峰组合方案优化[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2017, 41 (9): 44- 50, 150.
33	Li Junhui , Zhu Xingxu , Yan Gangni , et al. Design of control strategies of energy storage for peak shaving to restrain windpower's influence on power grid[J]. Electric Power, 2014, 47 (7): 91- 95.
34	尚瑨, 邰能灵, 刘琦, 等. 采用区间控制的蓄电池储能电站调峰运行控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30 (16): 221- 229.
35	朴政国, 张明. 微型光伏储能系统的并网调峰控制研究[J]. 电气工程学报, 2017, 12 (3): 41- 47.
36	Mehr TH, Masoum MAS, Jabalameli N. Grid-connected Lithium-ion battery energy storage system for load leveling and peak shaving[C]. Proceedings of Power Engineering Conference. IEEE: Hobart, TAS, Australia, 2014.
37	张秀彬, 张颖璐. 超导磁储能与电网调峰[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 1996, 30 (12): 97- 102.
38	Zhao P , Wang J , Dai Y . Capacity allocation of a hybrid energy storage system for power system peak shaving at high wind power penetration level[J]. Renewable Energy, 2015, 75 (C): 541- 549.
39	严干贵, 冯晓东, 李军徽, 等. 用于松弛调峰瓶颈的储能系统容量配置方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2012, 32 (28): 27- 35, 22.
40	邓拓宇, 田亮, 刘吉臻. 利用热网储能提高供热机组调频调峰能力的控制方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2015, 35 (14): 3626- 3633.
41	李欣然, 黄际元, 陈远扬, 等. 基于灵敏度分析的储能电池参与二次调频控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32 (12): 224- 233.
42	Lucas A , Chondrogiannis S . Smart grid energy storage controller for frequency regulation and peak shaving, using a vanadium redox flow battery[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2016, (80): 26- 36.
43	赵晶晶, 徐传琳, 吕雪, 等. 微电网一次调频备用容量与储能优化配置方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37 (15): 4324- 4332, 4572.
44	李姚旺,苗世洪,罗星,等.含压缩空气储能电力系统日前-日内协调调度策略[J/OL].中国电机工程学报: 1-12[2017-12-28]. https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.170777.
45	董文杰. 面向可再生能源并网的发输储电力系统协调扩容规划模型[J]. 陕西电力, 2014, 42 (9): 24- 27.
46	Tomislav Dragi?evi?, Sun B, Schaltz E, et al. Flexible local load controller for fast electric vehicle charging station supplemented with flywheel energy storage system[C]. Proceedings of Electric Vehicle Conference(IEVC), 2014 IEEE International. IEEE: Florence, Italy, 2014.
47	Fong G, Moreira R, Strbac G. Economic analysis of energy storage business models[C]. Proceedings of Conference on PowerTech. IEEE: Manchester, United kingdom, 2017.
48	Moreira, Marques R M. Business models for energy storage systems[D]. London: Imperial College London, 2015.
49	赵波, 王成山, 张雪松. 海岛独立型微电网储能类型选择与商业运营模式探讨[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2013, 37 (4): 21- 27.
50	李蕊. 基于不同商业运营模式的分布式电源/微电网综合效益评价方法[J]. 电网技术, 2017, 41 (6): 1748- 1758.
51	Martinsen T. A business model for an EV charging station with battery energy storage[C]. Proceedings of Cired Workshop 2016. IEEE: Helsinki, Finland, 2017.
52	Kang H J, Lee J T, Kim C S. A study on the technical trends of energy new industry and business model in electric power market[J]. 2016, 11(8): 773-782.
53	Galassi V , Madlener R . Identifying business models for photovoltaic systems with storage in the italian market:a discrete choice experiment[J]. Fcn Working Papers, 2015, (19): 1- 34.
54	Stucchi K L A, Pollitt M G. Emerging business models for energy storage: applications to the power, transport and heat sectors[C]. Proceedings of Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC-ECCE Asia), 2016 IEEE 8th International, IEEE: Hefei, China, 2016.
55	Lombardi P , Schwabe F . Sharing economy as a new business model for energy storage systems[J]. Applied Energy, 2017, (188): 485- 496.

[1]	许星原, 陈皓勇, 黄宇翔, 吴晓彬, 王宇绅, 廉俊豪, 张健彬. 虚拟电厂市场化交易中的挑战、策略与关键技术[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(6): 745-757.
[2]	唐平. 660 MW核电机组一次调频实验及动态特性仿真分析[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(6): 833-841.
[3]	郁海彬, 张煜晨, 刘扬洋, 陆增洁, 翁锦德. 碳交易机制下多主体虚拟电厂参与电力市场的优化调度竞标策略[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(5): 634-644.
[4]	石梦舒, 许小峰, 张继广, 李忆, 周保中, 乐鹰, 毕圣. 考虑电-氢市场的虚拟电厂两阶段优化策略研究[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(5): 645-655.
[5]	董中豪, 卢啸风, 史丽超, 杨增增, 孔繁盛, 王鹏, 林国强, 赵鹏. 炉膛耐火材料热惯性对循环流化床锅炉调峰速率的影响[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(4): 514-524.
[6]	楚帅, 王爱华, 葛维春, 李音璇, 崔岱. 电网调控集中式储热降低弃风率分析方法[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(1): 18-24.
[7]	谷晴, 李睿, 蔡旭, 谢宝昌. 面向百兆瓦级应用的电池储能系统拓扑与控制方法[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(5): 698-706.
[8]	左启尧, 唐震, 李慧勇, 张颖, 王江峰. 电网调峰背景下汽轮机低压缸零出力技术现状综述[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(4): 645-654.
[9]	冯伟忠, 李励. “双碳”目标下煤电机组低碳、零碳和负碳化转型发展路径研究与实践[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(3): 452-461.
[10]	闫修峰, 宗珂, 何修年, 高林, 秦斌, 王明坤, 惠文涛. 1 000 MW煤电机组调峰中汽温控制策略研究[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(3): 518-522.
[11]	陈晓光, 杨秀媛, 卜思齐, 徐智蔷. 考虑经济功能性的风电场储能系统容量配置[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(2): 341-352.
[12]	唐婧怡, 楚帅, 葛维春, 李音璇, 刘闯. 电极式电制热与传统制热的差异及其在碳中和的应用前景[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(5): 525-536.
[13]	刘云锋, 李宇峰, 王健, 马义良, 关淳. 汽轮机深度调峰的水蚀问题研究[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(4): 473-479.
[14]	牛斌, 李丽锋, 孙倩, 张培华. 超临界循环流化床机组全负荷段深度调峰方法研究[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(2): 273-279.
[15]	王辉, 梁登香, 韩晓娟. 储能参与泛在电力物联网辅助服务应用综述[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(2): 171-179.