发电技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 431-442.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.260219

• 新能源 • 上一篇    

基于超临界CO2布雷顿-有机朗肯循环的塔式光热发电系统热性能仿真

赵斌1, 高璇1, 陈嘉祥1, 白章2, 王坤3   

  1. 1.长沙理工大学能源与动力工程学院,湖南省 长沙市 410114
    2.中国石油大学(华东)新能源学院,山东省 青岛市 266580
    3.河北工业大学能源与环境工程学院,天津市 北辰区 300401
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04 修回日期:2025-09-29 出版日期:2026-04-30 发布日期:2026-04-21
  • 作者简介:赵斌(1968),男,博士,教授,研究方向为新能源科学技术及应用,zhaobin19680507@163.com
    王坤(1988),男,博士,教授,研究方向为新能源利用中的工程热物理问题,本文通信作者,wangkun@hebut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(C类)(52106033);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022YQ58)

Thermal Performance Simulation of Solar Thermal Power Tower System Based on Supercritical CO2 Brayton-Organic Rankine Cycle

Bin ZHAO1, Xuan GAO1, Jiaxiang CHEN1, Zhang BAI2, Kun WANG3   

  1. 1.College of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan Province, China
    2.College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong Province, China
    3.School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Beichen District, Tianjin 300401, China
  • Received:2025-07-04 Revised:2025-09-29 Published:2026-04-30 Online:2026-04-21
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scientists (C)(52106033);Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022YQ58)

摘要:

目的 超临界CO2 (supercritical CO2,SCO2)布雷顿循环相较于常规的蒸气朗肯循环可获得更高的发电效率,在太阳能热发电(solar power tower,SPT)领域具有良好的发展前景,为此,对SCO2布雷顿循环塔式光热发电系统热力学性能进行了研究。 方法 将具有高热电转换效率的再压缩型SCO2布雷顿循环(SCO2 recompression Brayton cycle,SCRBC)作为顶循环,采用有机朗肯循环(organic Rankine cycle,ORC)作为底循环对SCRBC余热进行回收,利用Matlab构建了基于SCRBC/ORC的塔式SPT系统(SCRBC/ORC-SPT)仿真模型。在初选6种ORC工质中,选取R600为SCRBC/ORC-SPT系统底循环工质。从热力学角度分析关键参数对SCRBC/ORC-SPT系统热力学性能的影响,以系统发电效率最大化为目标,采用遗传算法进行参数全局优化。 结果 系统效率随分流比和透平入口压力的增加呈现先升后降的变化规律,表明系统存在最佳分流比和最佳循环压比,使系统热力学性能最佳,且最佳分流比随循环压比的增加呈单调递增趋势;提高透平入口温度和降低主压缩机入口温度一定程度上可有效提升系统发电效率。 结论 优化后的SCRBC/ORC-SPT系统获得的最高发电效率和㶲效率分别为34.19%、36.80%,相较于SCRBC-SPT系统,均有效提升了4.31%。研究结果为提升常规的基于SCO2布雷顿循环的塔式光热发电系统发电效率和推动SCO2布雷顿循环发电技术推广应用提供了理论支撑。

关键词: 太阳能热发电(SPT), 超临界CO2 (SCO2), 布雷顿循环, 有机朗肯循环(ORC), 联合循环, 热性能仿真, 参数优化

Abstract:

Objectives The supercritical CO2 (SCO2) Brayton cycle offers higher power generation efficiency compared with conventional steam Rankine cycles, which has good application prospects in solar power generation (SPT). Therefore, the thermodynamic performance of an SCO2 Brayton cycle-based SPT system for solar thermal power generation is studied. Methods A recompression SCO2 Brayton cycle (SCRBC), known for its high thermoelectric conversion efficiency, is employed as the top cycle, while an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is served as the bottom cycle to recover waste heat from the SCRBC. A simulation model for the SCRBC/ORC-based SPT system (SCRBC/ORC-SPT) is developed using Matlab. Among six initially selected ORC working fluids, R600 is chosen as the bottom cycle working fluid for the SCRBC/ORC-SPT system. From a thermodynamic perspective, the impact of key parameters on the thermodynamic performance of the SCRBC/ORC-SPT system is analyzed. With the goal of maximizing system power generation efficiency, a genetic algorithm is applied for global parameter optimization. Results The system efficiency first increases and then decreases with the increase in the split ratio and turbine inlet pressure, indicating the existence of optimal split ratio and optimal cycle pressure ratio that yield the best thermodynamic performance of the system. Moreover, the optimal split ratio exhibits a monotonically increasing trend with the increase in cycle pressure ratio. Increasing the turbine inlet temperature and lowering the main compressor inlet temperature can effectively enhance the system’s power generation efficiency to some extent. Conclusions The maximum power generation efficiency and exergy efficiency obtained by the optimized SCRBC/ORC-SPT system are 34.19% and 36.80%, respectively, which are effectively improved by 4.31% compared with the SCRBC-SPT system. The findings provide theoretical support for enhancing the power generation efficiency of conventional SCO2 Brayton cycle-based SPT systems and promoting the application of SCO2 Brayton cycle power generation technology.

Key words: solar power tower (SPT), supercritical CO2 (SCO2), Brayton cycle, organic Rankine cycle (ORC), combined cycle, thermal performance simulation, parameter optimization

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