电极式电制热与传统制热的差异及其在碳中和的应用前景

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21069

发电技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 525-536.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21069

• 碳中和 • 下一篇

电极式电制热与传统制热的差异及其在碳中和的应用前景

唐婧怡¹(), 楚帅²(), 葛维春²^,³^,*(), 李音璇⁴, 刘闯¹()

¹ 东北电力大学电气工程学院, 吉林省吉林市 132012
² 沈阳工业大学电气工程学院, 辽宁省沈阳市 110870
³ 国网辽宁省电力有限公司, 辽宁省沈阳市 110006
⁴ 国网天津营销服务中心(计量中心), 天津市河西区 300120

收稿日期:2021-05-27 出版日期:2021-10-31 发布日期:2021-10-13
通讯作者: 葛维春
作者简介:唐婧怡(1999), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为清洁能源消纳技术, tjy0836@163.com
楚帅(1993), 男, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为清洁能源消纳技术和电力市场, 534766248@qq.com
李音璇(1995), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为清洁能源消纳技术
刘闯(1985), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为清洁能源消纳技术, victorliuchuang@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFB1505400)

Difference Between Electrode Electric Heating and Traditional Heating and Its Application Prospect in Carbon Neutrality

Jingyi TANG¹(), Shuai CHU²(), Weichun GE²^,³^,*(), Yinxuan LI⁴, Chuang LIU¹()

¹ School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin Province, China
² School of Electrical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, Liaoning Province, China
³ State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110006, Liaoning Province, China
⁴ State Grid Tianjin Marketing Service Center (Metrology Center), Hexi District, Tianjin 300120, China

Received:2021-05-27 Published:2021-10-31 Online:2021-10-13
Contact: Weichun GE
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFB1505400)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

助力“双碳”战略目标，新能源发电在能源系统低碳转型中发挥重要作用，将逐渐成为主力电源。然而，由于新能源发电固有的波动性，新能源消纳困难成为瓶颈问题。电极式电制热作为负荷侧宝贵的灵活性资源，对新能源消纳具有良好的支撑作用。首先，结合电制热的性能和结构特点，分析了现有电制热技术的工作原理。然后，整理了电极式电制热、固态电制热和传统制热在转换能效、爬坡速率以及安全程度等方面的差异。最后，针对电极式电制热无级调节、响应速度快等优势，论述了电极式电制热在电网削峰填谷、供暖期解放火电机组、参与调频辅助服务等方面的应用前景。

关键词: 碳中和, 新能源发电, 电制热, 无级调节, 削峰填谷, 调频

Abstract:

To help achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the new energy power generation plays an important role in the low-carbon transition of energy system and will gradually become the main power source. However, due to the inherent volatility of new energy power generation, the difficulty of new energy consumption has become a bottleneck problem. As a valuable flexible resource on the load side, the electrode electric heating has a good support for new energy consumption. Firstly, combined with the performance and structural characteristics of electric heating, the working principles of the existing electric heating technologies were studied. Then, the differences of conversion efficiency, ramp rate, and safety between the electrode electric heating and solid-state electric heating and traditional heating methods were analyzed. Finally, in view of the advantages of stepless regulation and fast response speed of electrode electric heating, the application prospects of electrode electric heating in peak-cutting and valley-filling of power grid, liberation of thermal power units in heating period, and participation in auxiliary service of frequency regulation were discussed.

Key words: carbon neutrality, new energy power generation, electric heating, stepless regulation, peak-cutting and valley-filling, frequency modulation

中图分类号:

TK01
TM732

唐婧怡, 楚帅, 葛维春, 李音璇, 刘闯. 电极式电制热与传统制热的差异及其在碳中和的应用前景[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(5): 525-536.

Jingyi TANG, Shuai CHU, Weichun GE, Yinxuan LI, Chuang LIU. Difference Between Electrode Electric Heating and Traditional Heating and Its Application Prospect in Carbon Neutrality[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(5): 525-536.

图/表 11

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项目	电极式电制热	固态电制热	燃油制热	燃煤制热	燃气制热
热转换效率	99%以上	98%	90%	60%以上	90%
设备成本	前期投资费用相对适中；后期运行维护费用相对适中	前期投资费用较低；后期运行维护费用相对适中	前期投资费用高；后期运行维护费用高	前期投资费用低；后期运行维护费用低	前期投资费用较低；后期运行维护费用低
占地面积	小	小	较大	大	较小
工艺复杂程度	工艺要求高，需要专业人员操作	常规操作要求，一般人员可进行作业	操作过程较繁杂；维护工作繁杂	常规操作要求，一般人员可进行作业	常规操作要求，一般人员可进行作业
调节性能	负荷调节范围在0%~100%，低负荷运行性能较好，能够实现无级调节	分级调节	负荷调节范围在20%~100%，低负荷运行性能较差	低负荷运行性能差	负荷调节能力一般
爬坡速率	冷备用启动时间小于1 h；热备用启动时间小于10 min	爬坡速度较快	冷态启动时，达到满负荷时间大于3 h；热态启动时，达满负荷需要30 min	惯性大，负荷响应慢	爬坡速率较快
安全程度	浸没电极式电制热安全程度高；喷射电极式电锅炉安全程度较低，有氢爆危险	安全程度较高	安全程度低，易发生爆炸危险	安全程度相对适中	安全程度低，易发生爆炸危险

项目	电极式电制热	固态电制热	燃油制热	燃煤制热	燃气制热
热转换效率	99%以上	98%	90%	60%以上	90%
设备成本	前期投资费用相对适中；后期运行维护费用相对适中	前期投资费用较低；后期运行维护费用相对适中	前期投资费用高；后期运行维护费用高	前期投资费用低；后期运行维护费用低	前期投资费用较低；后期运行维护费用低
占地面积	小	小	较大	大	较小
工艺复杂程度	工艺要求高，需要专业人员操作	常规操作要求，一般人员可进行作业	操作过程较繁杂；维护工作繁杂	常规操作要求，一般人员可进行作业	常规操作要求，一般人员可进行作业
调节性能	负荷调节范围在0%~100%，低负荷运行性能较好，能够实现无级调节	分级调节	负荷调节范围在20%~100%，低负荷运行性能较差	低负荷运行性能差	负荷调节能力一般
爬坡速率	冷备用启动时间小于1 h；热备用启动时间小于10 min	爬坡速度较快	冷态启动时，达到满负荷时间大于3 h；热态启动时，达满负荷需要30 min	惯性大，负荷响应慢	爬坡速率较快
安全程度	浸没电极式电制热安全程度高；喷射电极式电锅炉安全程度较低，有氢爆危险	安全程度较高	安全程度低，易发生爆炸危险	安全程度相对适中	安全程度低，易发生爆炸危险

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