基于高温质子交换膜燃料电池和全钒液流电池的离网能源系统的配置优化

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21057

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

提出并分析了一种以高温质子交换膜燃料电池(high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell，HT-PEMFC)为核心的能源系统，采用全钒液流电池(vanadium redox flow battery，VRFB)作为储能装置，弥补了系统在满足负载需求上的缺陷。分析了HT-PEMFC和VRFB的工作原理及输出性能，同时确定相关评估指标，探究系统最优配置，且分析了燃料电池负载率与运行效率的关系，将上游耗氢量也纳入考虑范围。探讨了以燃料电池为主供应电源的混合能源系统的配置优化，结果表明：在燃料电池负载率为22%时，总效率为41%，此时总年化成本取得最小值，相对于百分百负载的情况，系统投资成本上升了212.5%，但燃料成本下降了41.7%，系统整体增益明显。

关键词: 高温质子交换膜燃料电池(HT-PEMFC), 全钒液流电池(VRFB), 效益评估, 能源配置

Abstract:

In this paper, an energy system with high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) as the core was proposed and analyzed, and the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) was used as the energy storage device, which made up for the defects of the system in meeting the load demand. The working principle and output performance of HT-PEMFC and VRFB were analyzed. At the same time, the relevant evaluation indicators were determined to explore the optimal configuration of the system, and the relationship between the fuel cell load rate and operating efficiency was analyzed. The upstream hydrogen consumption was also taken into consideration. The configuration optimization of hybrid energy system with fuel cell as the main supply power was discussed. The results show that when the fuel cell load rate is 22% and total efficiency is 41%, the total annual cost is the minimum. Compared with the full load condition, the system investment cost is increased by 212.5%, but the fuel cost is decreased by 41.7%. The overall system gain is obvious.

Key words: high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC), vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), benefit evaluation, energy configuration

中图分类号:

TK 01

黄雅琨, 刘进一, 张筱松. 基于高温质子交换膜燃料电池和全钒液流电池的离网能源系统的配置优化[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(2): 305-312.

Yakun HUANG, Jinyi LIU, Xiaosong ZHANG. Configuration Optimization of Off-Grid Energy System Based on HT-PEMFC and VRFB[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(2): 305-312.

图/表 9

图1 购物中心负载逐时变化曲线

Fig. 1 Hourly average load demand curve during a day of shopping mall

图2 混合能源系统图

Fig. 2 Hybrid energy system diagram

图3 HT-PEMFC特性曲线

Fig. 3 Characteristic curves of HT-PEMFC

图4 负载率-效率曲线

Fig. 4 Load rate-efficiency curve

表1 组件的关键参数

Tab. 1 Key parameters of components

组件	效率/%	成本/ (美元/kW)	替换成本/ (美元/kW)	(运维成本/ 投资成本)/%	寿命/年
HT-PEMFC	28.2~72.9	3 000	3 000	2.5	7
VRFB	90	223	110	1.0	20
DC/DC	95	40	40	0.5	25
DC/AC	95	40	40	0.5	25

图5 确定最小成本系统配置流程图

Fig. 5 Flowchart of ascertaining the minimal cost system configuration

图6 最大功率与单日用氢成本关系

Fig. 6 Relationship between the rated power and daily hydrogen cost

图7 燃料电池最大功率与年化成本关系

Fig. 7 Relationship between the rated power and annualized cost

图8 燃料电池最大功率与总年化成本关系

Fig. 8 Relationship between the rated power and total annualized cost

参考文献 15

1	何丽美，王开科，曹岗林，等．采用可逆质子交换膜燃料电池/膨胀机的综合能源系统性能研究[J]．西安交通大学学报，2020，54(3)：97-105． doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202003012
	HE L M， WANG K K， CAO G L，et al ．Integrated energy system based on reversible proton exchange membrane fuel cell and expander[J]．Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University，2020，54(3)：97-105． doi:10.7652/xjtuxb202003012
2	孔令国，于家敏，蔡国伟，等．基于模型预测控制的离网电氢耦合系统功率调控[J]．中国电机工程学报，2021，41(9)：3139-3148． doi:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.200874
	KONG L G， YU J M， CAI G W，et al ．Power regulation of off-grid electro-hydrogen coupled system based on model predictive control[J]．Proceedings of the CSEE，2021，41(9)：3139-3148． doi:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.200874
3	张鸿，吴航，张聪．燃料电池在分布式能源中的应用技术[J]．兵工自动化，2020，39(7)：20-23． doi:10.7690/bgzdh.2020.07.005
	ZHANG H， WU H， ZHANG C ．Application technology of fuel cell in distributed energy[J]．Ordnance Industry Automation，2020，39(7)：20-23． doi:10.7690/bgzdh.2020.07.005
4	薛晓东，韩巍，王晓东，等．适合分布式冷热电联供系统的中小型发电装置[J]．发电技术，2020，41(3)：252-260． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.20031
	XUE X D， HAN W， WANG X D，et al ．Small and medium-scale power generation devices suiting for distributed combined cooling，heating and power system[J]．Power Generation Technology，2020，41(3)：252-260． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.20031
5	牛天钰，于金辉．燃气冷热电联供分布式能源系统及其在四川医院建筑中的应用[J]．发电技术，2020，41(3)：288-294． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.19130
	NIU T Y， YU J H ．Gas-fired CCHP distributed energy system and its application for hospital buildings in Sichuan province[J]．Power Generation Technology，2020，41(3)：288-294. doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.19130
6	张伟波，谢玉荣，杨帆，等．多能互补分布式综合供能系统及典型开发方案研究[J]．发电技术，2020，41(3)：245-251． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.19025
	ZHANG W B， XIE Y R， YANG F，et al ．Research on multi-energy complementary distributed integrated energy supply system and typical development scheme[J]．Power Generation Technology，2020，41(3)：245-251． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.19025
7	OU K， YUAN W W， KIM Y B ．Development of optimal energy management for a residential fuel cell hybrid power system with heat recovery[J]．Energy，2021，219：159-168. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.119499
8	TAZAY A F， SAMY M M， BARAKAT S ．A techno-economic feasibility analysis of an autonomous hybrid renewable energy sources for university building at Saudi Arabia[J]．Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology，2020，15(6)：2519-2527． doi:10.1007/s42835-020-00539-x
9	LI Q， WANG T， LI S，et al ．Online extremum seeking-based optimized energy management strategy for hybrid electric tram considering fuel cell degradation[J]．Applied Energy，2021，285(2):116505． doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116505
10	SOBERANIS M A E， MITHRUSH T， BASSAM A，et al ．A sensitivity analysis to determine technical and economic feasibility of energy storage systems implementation： a flow battery case study[J]．Renewable Energy，2018，115：547-557． doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.08.082
11	CORREA J M， FARRET F A， CANHA L N，et al ．An electrochemical-based fuel-cell model suitable for electrical engineering automation approach[J]．IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics，2004，51(5)：1103-1112． doi:10.1109/tie.2004.834972
12	周文源，袁越，傅质馨，等．全钒液流电池电化学建模与充放电分析[J]．电源技术，2013，37(8)：1349-1353． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-087X.2013.08.018
	ZHOU W Y， YUAN Y， FU Z X，et al ．Electrochemical model of all vanadium redox flow battery and its charge/discharge analysis[J]．Chinese Journal of Power Sources，2013，37(8)：1349-1353． doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-087X.2013.08.018
13	ELKADEEM M R， WANG S， SHARSHIR S W，et al ．Feasibility analysis and techno-economic design of grid-isolated hybrid renewable energy system for electrification of agriculture and irrigation area：a case study in Dongola，Sudan[J]．Energy Conversion and Management，2019，196：1453-1478． doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.06.085
14	GHENAI C， SALAMEH T， MERABET A ．Technico-economic analysis of off grid solar PV/fuel cell energy system for residential community in desert region[J]．International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2020，45(20)：11460-11470． doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.05.110
15	LI T， XING F， LIU T，et al ．Cost，performance prediction and optimization of a vanadium flow battery by machine-learning[J]．Energy & Environmental Science，2020，13(11)：4353-4361． doi:10.1039/d0ee02543g

[1]	王翔宇, 陈武晖, 郭小龙, 常喜强. 发电系统数字化研究综述[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(1): 120-141.
[2]	刘洪波, 刘珅诚, 盖雪扬, 刘永发, 阎禹同. 高比例新能源接入的主动配电网规划综述[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(1): 151-161.
[3]	张叶青, 陈文彬, 徐律军, 江兴稳. 面向多虚拟电厂的分层分区多层互补动态聚合调控策略[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(1): 162-169.
[4]	柯明辉, 赖林. 常温空气下外露电极结构的电气体发电实验研究[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(1): 180-188.
[5]	王若为, 李音璇, 葛维春, 张诗钽, 刘闯, 楚帅. 沙漠光伏电能外送技术综述[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(1): 32-41.
[6]	张安安, 周奇, 李茜, 丁宁, 杨超, 马岩. “双碳”目标下火电厂CO₂计量技术研究现状与展望[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(1): 51-61.
[7]	陈代俊, 陈里里, 李阳涛. 联合循环发电站电力输出预测[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(1): 99-105.
[8]	许星原, 陈皓勇, 黄宇翔, 吴晓彬, 王宇绅, 廉俊豪, 张健彬. 虚拟电厂市场化交易中的挑战、策略与关键技术[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(6): 745-757.
[9]	于松源, 张峻松, 元志伟, 房方. 计及热惯性的热电联产虚拟电厂韧性提升策略[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(6): 758-768.
[10]	赵振宇, 李炘薪. 基于阶梯碳交易的碳捕集电厂-电转气虚拟电厂低碳经济调度[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(6): 769-780.
[11]	钱仲豪, 胡骏, 沈思辰, 秦婷, 马晗怡, 王小栋, 冯曹毅, 卫志农. 考虑条件风险价值的多源协调优化运行策略[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(6): 781-789.
[12]	贾晓强, 杨永标, 杜姣, 甘海庆, 杨楠. 气候变化条件下基于智能预测模型的虚拟电厂不确定性运行优化研究[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(6): 790-799.
[13]	贾俊, 范炜豪, 吕志鹏, 姚建光, 周珊, 王健, 张锦涛. 用于电动汽车集群并网的直流变压器启动研究[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(6): 875-882.
[14]	封钰, 宋佑斌, 金晟, 冯家欢, 史雪晨, 俞永杰, 黄弦超. 基于随机森林算法和粗糙集理论的改进型深度学习短期负荷预测模型[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(6): 889-895.
[15]	黄河, 王燕, 姜念, 吴强, 张雅静, 杨秀媛. 考虑用户诉求差异的居民可控负荷资源优化控制[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(6): 896-908.