发电技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 395-405.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.260216

• 储能 • 上一篇    

计及电池荷电状态的储能系统控制策略优化研究

王明琦1, 夏向阳1, 赵晓悦1, 黄如2, 邓化龙2, 刘代飞1, 蔡昱宽3   

  1. 1.长沙理工大学电气与信息工程学院,湖南省 长沙市 410114
    2.湖南长高森源电力设备 有限公司,湖南省 衡阳市 421000
    3.国家电网江苏省苏州供电分公司,江苏省 苏州市 215008
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-09 修回日期:2025-09-01 出版日期:2026-04-30 发布日期:2026-04-21
  • 作者简介:王明琦(2000),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为储能系统安全控制,995833510@qq.com
    夏向阳(1968),男,博士,教授,研究方向为柔性直流输电控制和储能安全控制,本文通信作者,307351045@qq.com
    赵晓悦(1993),女,博士研究生,研究方向为储能电站安全监测、运行与控制等,2363019161@qq.com
    黄如(1995),男,初级工程师,研究方向为储能电站安全运行控制,519690836@qq.com
    邓化龙(1973),男,高级工程师,研究方向为储能安全检测与控制,623544060@qq.com
    刘代飞(1977),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为新能源发电、智能微电网与电力储能控制,dfcanfly@126.com
    蔡昱宽(1998),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为配网运检及自动化方向,6672502@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51977014);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(22A0230)

Research on Optimization of Control Strategy for Energy Storage Systems Considering Battery State of Charge

Mingqi WANG1, Xiangyang XIA1, Xiaoyue ZHAO1, Ru HUANG2, Hualong DENG2, Daifei LIU1, Yukuan CAI3   

  1. 1.School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan Province, China
    2.Hunan Changgao Senyuan Electric Power Equipment Co. , Ltd. , Hengyang 421000, Hunan Province, China
    3.Suzhou Power Supply Company of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. , Ltd. , Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2025-06-09 Revised:2025-09-01 Published:2026-04-30 Online:2026-04-21
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(51977014);Key Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(22A0230)

摘要:

目的 由于电池单体的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)和容量的不一致性,分布式储能系统存在SOC均衡速度慢和电流分配精度低等问题。为了解决上述问题,针对不同容量的储能单元提出了一种计及电池SOC的储能系统控制策略。 方法 该策略对下垂控制做进一步改进,采用反正切嵌套幂函数的形式将SOC差值与下垂系数结合起来,同时使下垂系数中的变加速因子取值与SOC差值相结合,从而实现较好的均衡效果。此外,加入了虚拟电压和直流母线电压补偿,在保证母线电压稳定的基础上实现了储能单元输出电流的精准分配。 结果 采用优化后的变加速因子时,储能单元的SOC均衡时间比采用固定加速因子时缩短大约50%,并且在未影响SOC均衡效果的基础上储能单元的输出电流能够与容量比保持一致。 结论 该控制策略提高了不同容量储能单元之间的SOC均衡速度和输出电流分配精度。

关键词: 分布式储能系统, 微电网, 电池, 荷电状态, 下垂控制, 变加速因子, 均衡速度, 电压补偿

Abstract:

Objectives Distributed energy storage systems exhibit slow state of charge (SOC) equalization and low current distribution accuracy due to inconsistency in the SOC and capacity among battery cells. To address these issues, a control strategy for energy storage systems that considers SOC for energy storage units with different capacities is proposed. Methods The strategy improves droop control by integrating the SOC difference with the droop coefficient using an inverse tangent nested power function. The variable acceleration factor in the droop coefficient is dynamically adjusted according to the SOC difference to achieve better equalization. Additionally, virtual voltage and DC bus voltage compensation are incorporated to achieve accurate output current distribution while ensuring bus voltage stability. Results The optimized variable acceleration factor reduces the SOC equalization time by approximately 50% compared to the fixed acceleration factor. The output current remains consistent with the capacity ratio without compromising SOC equalization performance. Conclusions This control strategy improves SOC equalization speed and output current distribution accuracy among energy storage units with different capacities.

Key words: distributed energy storage system, microgrid, battery, state of charge, droop control, variable acceleration factor, equalization speed, voltage compensation

中图分类号: