发电技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 168-175.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.260115
• 发电及环境保护 • 上一篇
周祎力1, 戴小云1, 周锡元1, 陈国年2
收稿日期:2025-01-10
修回日期:2025-02-24
出版日期:2026-02-28
发布日期:2026-02-12
通讯作者:
陈国年
作者简介:基金资助:Yili ZHOU1, Xiaoyun DAI1, Xiyuan ZHOU1, Guonian CHEN2
Received:2025-01-10
Revised:2025-02-24
Published:2026-02-28
Online:2026-02-12
Contact:
Guonian CHEN
Supported by:摘要:
目的 近30年我国电价和煤价的矛盾一直存在,为理顺煤电价格关系,促进煤炭与电力行业全面、协调、可持续发展,需要找到快速判断燃煤电厂电价和煤价合理性的判据指标及价格调整公式,以期为燃煤电厂提供一套新的经济决策分析指标。 方法 首先应用能量价值分析法,对燃煤电厂煤炭能量转换为电能的物理过程进行研究分析,然后经过数学推导得到煤、电价格的内在关系,最后推导出电煤能价比等指标的计算公式和煤电价格联动计算公式。 结果 提出了临界煤价、临界电煤能价比、合理电煤能价比、合理上网电价、合理煤价等指标。计算出300 MW至1 000 MW各类机组合理电煤能价比为3.68~4.17。 结论 电煤能价比及相关指标为电厂及政府相关部门提供了一种新的评估电价和煤价合理性的方法,可为政府部门制定合理的上网电价、燃煤电厂制定科学的经营策略及电厂竞价报价等提供科学依据。
中图分类号:
周祎力, 戴小云, 周锡元, 陈国年. 燃煤电厂电煤能价比指标及其应用[J]. 发电技术, 2026, 47(1): 168-175.
Yili ZHOU, Xiaoyun DAI, Xiyuan ZHOU, Guonian CHEN. Indicators of Coal-to-Electricity Energy Price Ratio for Coal-Fired Power Plants and Their Applications[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2026, 47(1): 168-175.
标煤单价 Rm/(元/t) | 标煤原始能价 Rbm/[元/(kW | 发电燃料成本能价 Rfd/[元/(kW | 发电增值能价Rzz/[元/(kW |
|---|---|---|---|
| 900 | 0.111 0 | 0.248 | 0.130 |
| 1 000 | 0.122 8 | 0.310 | 0.068 |
| 1 100 | 0.135 1 | 0.341 | 0.037 |
| 1 219 | 0.149 8 | 0.378 | 0 |
| 1 500 | 0.184 3 | 0.465 | -0.087 |
| 2 000 | 0.245 7 | 0.620 | -0.242 |
表1 某亚临界300 MW机组不同煤价下发电燃料成本能价、增值能价关系
Tab. 1 Relationship between fuel cost energy price and value-added energy price for a subcritical 300 MW unit under different coal prices
标煤单价 Rm/(元/t) | 标煤原始能价 Rbm/[元/(kW | 发电燃料成本能价 Rfd/[元/(kW | 发电增值能价Rzz/[元/(kW |
|---|---|---|---|
| 900 | 0.111 0 | 0.248 | 0.130 |
| 1 000 | 0.122 8 | 0.310 | 0.068 |
| 1 100 | 0.135 1 | 0.341 | 0.037 |
| 1 219 | 0.149 8 | 0.378 | 0 |
| 1 500 | 0.184 3 | 0.465 | -0.087 |
| 2 000 | 0.245 7 | 0.620 | -0.242 |
标煤单价 Rm/(元/t) | 标煤原始能价 Rbm/[元/(kW | 发电燃料成本能价 Rfd/[元/(kW | 发电增值能价Rzz/[元/(kW |
|---|---|---|---|
| 900 | 0.111 0 | 0.239 | 0.144 |
| 1 000 | 0.122 8 | 0.265 | 0.117 |
| 1 100 | 0.135 1 | 0.292 | 0.091 |
| 1 300 | 0.159 7 | 0.345 | 0.038 |
| 1 442 | 0.177 0 | 0.382 | 0 |
| 1 600 | 0.197 0 | 0.424 | -0.042 |
| 2 000 | 0.245 7 | 0.530 | -0.148 |
表2 某超临界1 000 MW机组不同煤价下发电燃料成本能价、增值能价关系
Tab. 2 Relationship between fuel cost energy price and value-added energy price for a 1 000 MW supercritical unit under different coal prices
标煤单价 Rm/(元/t) | 标煤原始能价 Rbm/[元/(kW | 发电燃料成本能价 Rfd/[元/(kW | 发电增值能价Rzz/[元/(kW |
|---|---|---|---|
| 900 | 0.111 0 | 0.239 | 0.144 |
| 1 000 | 0.122 8 | 0.265 | 0.117 |
| 1 100 | 0.135 1 | 0.292 | 0.091 |
| 1 300 | 0.159 7 | 0.345 | 0.038 |
| 1 442 | 0.177 0 | 0.382 | 0 |
| 1 600 | 0.197 0 | 0.424 | -0.042 |
| 2 000 | 0.245 7 | 0.530 | -0.148 |
| 机组类型 | 基准供电煤耗率b2/[g/(kW | 合理电煤能价比 | 1 000元/t标煤对应的合理上网电价Rd/[元/(kW |
|---|---|---|---|
| 平均 | 302 | 3.93 | 0.393 |
| 1 000 MW超超临界 | 283 | 3.68 | 0.368 |
| 600 MW超超临界 | 291 | 3.78 | 0.378 |
| 600 MW超临界 | 299 | 3.89 | 0.389 |
| 600 MW亚临界 | 312 | 4.06 | 0.406 |
| 300 MW超临界 | 308 | 4.00 | 0.400 |
| 300 MW亚临界 | 321 | 4.17 | 0.417 |
表3 不同类型湿冷燃煤机组的合理电煤能价比和上网电价
Tab. 3 Reasonable coal-to-electricity energy price ratio and on-grid electricity price of different types of wet-cooled coal-fired units
| 机组类型 | 基准供电煤耗率b2/[g/(kW | 合理电煤能价比 | 1 000元/t标煤对应的合理上网电价Rd/[元/(kW |
|---|---|---|---|
| 平均 | 302 | 3.93 | 0.393 |
| 1 000 MW超超临界 | 283 | 3.68 | 0.368 |
| 600 MW超超临界 | 291 | 3.78 | 0.378 |
| 600 MW超临界 | 299 | 3.89 | 0.389 |
| 600 MW亚临界 | 312 | 4.06 | 0.406 |
| 300 MW超临界 | 308 | 4.00 | 0.400 |
| 300 MW亚临界 | 321 | 4.17 | 0.417 |
| 年度 | 上网电价Rd/[元/(kW⋅h)] | 标煤单价Rm/(元/t) | 电煤能价比kdm | 毛利率/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均 | 0.404 | 956 | 4.48 | 13.60 |
| 2014 | 0.415 | 700 | 5.93 | 32.63 |
| 2015 | 0.415 | 686 | 6.05 | 34.59 |
| 2016 | 0.415 | 700 | 5.93 | 34.46 |
| 2017 | 0.364 | 840 | 4.33 | 14.76 |
| 2018 | 0.364 | 910 | 4.00 | 8.50 |
| 2019 | 0.391 | 882 | 4.43 | 16.90 |
| 2020 | 0.391 | 924 | 4.23 | 14.86 |
| 2021 | 0.400 | 1 260 | 3.17 | -8.62 |
| 2022 | 0.460 | 1 540 | 2.99 | -14.2 |
| 2023 | 0.420 | 1 120 | 3.75 | 2.10 |
表4 某600 MW机组近10年主要经营指标
Tab. 4 Main operating indicators of a 600 MW unit over past ten years
| 年度 | 上网电价Rd/[元/(kW⋅h)] | 标煤单价Rm/(元/t) | 电煤能价比kdm | 毛利率/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均 | 0.404 | 956 | 4.48 | 13.60 |
| 2014 | 0.415 | 700 | 5.93 | 32.63 |
| 2015 | 0.415 | 686 | 6.05 | 34.59 |
| 2016 | 0.415 | 700 | 5.93 | 34.46 |
| 2017 | 0.364 | 840 | 4.33 | 14.76 |
| 2018 | 0.364 | 910 | 4.00 | 8.50 |
| 2019 | 0.391 | 882 | 4.43 | 16.90 |
| 2020 | 0.391 | 924 | 4.23 | 14.86 |
| 2021 | 0.400 | 1 260 | 3.17 | -8.62 |
| 2022 | 0.460 | 1 540 | 2.99 | -14.2 |
| 2023 | 0.420 | 1 120 | 3.75 | 2.10 |
| 机组类型 | 临界电煤能价比klJ | 标煤价格变动量ΔRm/(元/t) | 上网电价调整量ΔRd/[元/(kW |
|---|---|---|---|
| 平均 | 3.02 | 100 | 0.030 2 |
| 1 000 MW超超临界 | 2.83 | 100 | 0.028 3 |
| 600 MW超超临界 | 2.91 | 100 | 0.029 1 |
| 600 MW超临界 | 2.99 | 100 | 0.029 9 |
| 600 MW亚临界 | 3.12 | 100 | 0.031 2 |
| 300 MW超临界 | 3.08 | 100 | 0.030 8 |
| 300 MW亚临界 | 3.21 | 100 | 0.032 1 |
表5 不同类型湿冷燃煤机组的煤电价格联动
Tab. 5 Coal-electricity price linkage for different types of wet-cooled coal-fired units
| 机组类型 | 临界电煤能价比klJ | 标煤价格变动量ΔRm/(元/t) | 上网电价调整量ΔRd/[元/(kW |
|---|---|---|---|
| 平均 | 3.02 | 100 | 0.030 2 |
| 1 000 MW超超临界 | 2.83 | 100 | 0.028 3 |
| 600 MW超超临界 | 2.91 | 100 | 0.029 1 |
| 600 MW超临界 | 2.99 | 100 | 0.029 9 |
| 600 MW亚临界 | 3.12 | 100 | 0.031 2 |
| 300 MW超临界 | 3.08 | 100 | 0.030 8 |
| 300 MW亚临界 | 3.21 | 100 | 0.032 1 |
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