发电技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 1164-1175.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24059

• 储能 • 上一篇    

应用于锂离子电池无源热管理与安全防护的水合盐复合相变材料

张静姝, 刘倩, 姚晓乐, 徐超, 巨星   

  1. 电站能量传递转化与系统教育部重点实验室(华北电力大学),北京市 昌平区 102206
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-07 修回日期:2024-05-09 出版日期:2025-12-31 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 巨星
  • 作者简介:张静姝(2000),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为电池热管理与安全防护,zhangjingshu0622@163.com
    刘倩(1997),女,博士研究生,主要研究方向为电池热管理,liuqian_0802@163.com
    姚晓乐(1997),女,博士研究生,主要研究方向为电池热管理,xiaole.yao@ncepu.edu.cn
    徐超(1980),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为为储热、电解水制氢,mechxu@ncepu.edu.cn
    巨星(1982),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为电池热管理与安全防护、电力电子高热流密度散热,本文通信作者,scottju@ncepu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51821004)

Hydrated Salt Composite Phase Change Materials for Passive Thermal Management and Safety Protection of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Jingshu ZHANG, Qian LIU, Xiaole YAO, Chao XU, Xing JU   

  1. Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education (North China Electric Power University), Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
  • Received:2024-04-07 Revised:2024-05-09 Published:2025-12-31 Online:2025-12-25
  • Contact: Xing JU
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(51821004)

摘要:

目的 在高功率与高能量密度电池的发展需求下,热安全成为制约锂离子电池(lithium-ion batteries,LIB)大规模应用的关键,高效热安全防护技术成为发展的必然。为此,制备了一种高潜热、高热导率、具有双段控温功能的水合盐复合相变材料(composite phase change material,CPCM),用于LIB热管理和热安全防护。 方法 通过扫描电子显微镜测试、差示扫描量热分析和热常数分析的表征测试,确定CPCM热物性及储热过程,进而结合热性能测试,研究其控温效果并筛选出最佳配比的CPCM。 结果 掺入膨胀石墨质量分数为10%的CPCM具有183.7 J/g的潜热和3.926 W/(m⋅K)的热导率,其相变潜热可在LIB高倍率放电条件下吸收热量并快速传至外界,相变平台持续20~40 min;其热化学储热可在LIB热失控状态下将电池表面达到130 ℃的时间由50 s延长至180 s,延缓热失控特征温度的触发与蔓延。 结论 该CPCM可同时在20~40 ℃的热管理区间及100 ℃以上的热失控区间吸热,起到高效的双段控温作用。研究结果可为电池热管理系统发展提供新思路。

关键词: 储能, 复合相变材料(CPCM), 水合盐, 锂离子电池(LIB), 热管理, 热失控

Abstract:

Objectives With the development of high power and high energy density batteries, thermal safety has become the key to limit the large-scale application of lithium-ion batteries (LIB), and efficient thermal safety protection technology has become an inevitable development. Therefore, a hydrated salt composite phase change material (CPCM) with high latent heat, high thermal conductivity and two-stage temperature control function is prepared for LIB thermal management and thermal safety protection. Methods The thermal physical properties and heat storage process of CPCM are determined by scanning electron microscope test, differential scanning calorimetry analysis and thermal constant analysis. Then, the temperature control effect is studied by combining the thermal performance test, and the best ratio of CPCM is selected. Results The CPCM with an expanded graphite incorporation mass fraction of 10% has a latent heat of 183.7 J/g and a thermal conductivity of 3.926 W/(m⋅K). The latent heat of phase change can absorb heat and quickly transfer to the outside under the condition of high rate discharge of LIB, and the phase change platform lasts for 20-40 min. The CPCM thermochemical heat storage can extend the time for the cell surface to reach 130 ℃ from 50 s to 180 s under the thermal runaway state of LIB, delaying the triggering and spreading of thermal runaway characteristic temperature. Conclusions The CPCM can simultaneously absorb heat in the thermal management range of 20-40 ℃ and the thermal runaway range above 100 ℃, and play an efficient two-stage temperature control role. The research results can provide new ideas for the development of battery thermal management system.

Key words: energy storage, composite phase change material (CPCM), hydrated salt, lithium-ion batteries (LIB), thermal management, thermal runaway

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