考虑容量价值的独立新型储能电站运行策略优化研究

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24036

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的 “双碳”目标下构建新型电力系统需要储能提供关键支撑。当前新型储能建设面临着高投资成本、长回收周期和低利用率的挑战。为此，提出一种新的运行策略优化方法，旨在通过多方共担储能投资成本，推动储能技术的大规模应用与发展。方法首先，基于独立储能电站的全生命周期成本构建了日均成本评估模型；然后，基于此评估模型，设计了一个涵盖峰谷套利、调频和租赁的多市场参与框架；最后，通过引入成本疏导系数，构建了灵活的储能成本分摊机制，通过租赁市场价格引导实现储能电站运行成本的动态优化。结果该方法能够提升储能收益，加快成本回收周期，且疏导系数可随着储能技术的发展灵活调整，从而增强策略的适应性和持续性。结论该研究为储能成本疏导提供了有效路径，对促进储能规模化建设投资有重要意义。

关键词: 储能, 独立新型储能电站, 成本疏导, 策略优化, 多市场参与, 容量租赁, 储能经济性

Abstract:

Objectives The construction of a new power system under the dual carbon goals requires energy storage to provide key support. Currently, the construction of new energy storage faces the challenges of high investment cost, long payback period, and low utilization rate. Therefore, a novel optimization method for operating strategies is proposed, aiming to promote the large-scale application and development of energy storage through shared investment cost among multiple parties. Methods Firstly, a daily cost assessment model is established based on the full lifecycle cost of independent energy storage power stations. Then, based on the evaluation model, a multi-market participation framework covering peak-valley arbitrage, frequency regulation, and leasing is designed. Finally, by introducing a cost allocation coefficient, a flexible cost-sharing mechanism for energy storage is established, enabling dynamic optimization of the operation costs of energy storage power stations through leasing market price signals. Results The method increases energy storage revenue, accelerates the cost recovery period, and the cost allocation coefficient can be flexibly adjusted with the development of energy storage technology, thereby improving the strategy’s adaptability and sustainability. Conclusions This study offers an effective pathway for energy storage cost allocation and holds significant implications for promoting large-scale investment in energy storage construction.

Key words: energy storage, independent new energy storage power station, cost allocation, strategy optimization, multi-market participation, capacity leasing, economic performance of energy storage

中图分类号:

TK 01

董福贵, 张伟. 考虑容量价值的独立新型储能电站运行策略优化研究[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46(5): 897-908.

Fugui DONG, Wei ZHANG. Research on Optimization of Operation Strategy for Independent New Energy Storage Power Stations Considering Capacity Value[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(5): 897-908.

图/表 16

图1 独立储能电站全生命周期成本-收益

Fig. 1 Full lifecycle cost-revenue analysis of independent energy storage power stations

表1 储能电站仿真参数设置

Tab. 1 Simulation parameter settings for energy storage power stations

参数	数值
额定容量/(MW⋅h)	60
额定功率/MW	30
储能寿命/a	10
折现率/%	5
残值/%	5
维护系数/%	2
管理系数/%	7
投资功率成本/(元/kW)	720
投资容量成本/[元/(kW∙h)]	1 440

图2 节点边际电价曲线

Fig. 2 Nodal marginal electricity prices curve

图3 调频辅助服务市场功率需求

Fig. 3 Power demand in frequency regulation ancillary services market

表2 新能源电站参数设置

Tab. 2 Parameter settings for new energy power stations

参数	数值
总装机容量/MW	300
储能配置率/%	10
放电时长/h	4
储能寿命/a	10
循环次数	7 000
投资功率成本/(元/kW)	550
投资容量成本/[元/(kW⋅h)]	1 050

图4 风电站功率需求预测

Fig. 4 Power demand prediction for wind power stations

图5 火电厂调频功率需求

Fig. 5 Frequency regulation power demand of thermal power plants

表3 电网替代性储能参数设置

Tab. 3 Parameter settings for alternative grid energy storage

参数	数值
最大超限功率/MW	1.8
持续时长/h	4
扩能改造年等效单位成本/(万元/MW)	42
运维系数/%	1.2

图6 电网功能替代储能需求曲线

Fig. 6 Demand curve of grid function substitution for energy storage

表4 独立储能电站多场景市场收益

Tab. 4 Multi-scenario market revenues of independent energy storage power stations

类型	场景	价格套利	调频	租赁	收益/ (万元/d)	成本/ (万元/d)
单一市场	1	√			3.547 6	5.383 5
	2		√		2.106 9
	3			√	4.612 8
多市场	4	√	√		4.266 0
	5	√	√		3.827 9
	6	√	√	√	8.035 3

图7 价格套利运行策略

Fig. 7 Price arbitrage operation strategy

图8 调频运行策略

Fig. 8 Frequency regulation operation strategy

图9 租赁市场运行策略

Fig. 9 Leasing market operation strategy

图10 套利+调频运行策略

Fig. 10 Arbitrage+frequency regulation operation strategy

图11 套利+调频+租赁运行策略

Fig. 11 Arbitrage + frequency regulation + leasing operation strategy

图12 多参数影响下的独立储能电站收益

Fig. 12 Revenues of independent energy storage power stations influenced by multiple parameters

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