发电技术

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基于线性二次型调节器的先进绝热压缩空气储能系统一次调频控制策略

王恺1,陈来军2,曹志梅1,崔森2,3*,刘瀚琛2,李正曦1   

  1. 1. 国网青海省电力公司经济技术研究院,青海省 西宁市 810008;2. 清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,北京市 海淀区 100084;3. 新型电力系统运行与控制全国重点实验室(清华大学),北京市 海淀区 100084
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52407115);国网青海省电力公司科技项目(SGQHJY00NYJS2400275); 中国博士后科学基金(2025M770485)

Primary Frequency Regulation Control Strategy for Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage System Based on Linear Quadratic Regulator

WANG Kai1, CHEN Laijun2, CAO Zhimei1, CUI Sen2,3*, LIU Hanchen2, LI Zhengxi1   

  1. 1. State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Company Economic Research Institute, Xining 810008, Qinghai Province, China; 2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control (Tsinghua University), Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (52407115); Science and Technology Project of State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Company (SGQHJY00NYJS2400275); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2025M770485).

摘要: :【目的】随着可再生能源在新型电力系统中的占比持续增加,新型电力系统逐渐呈现出低惯量的特征,系统频率稳定问题愈发严峻。先进绝热压缩空气储能(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage, AACAES)系统效率高,响应速度快,具备良好的频率调节能力。然而,传统PID 控制策略响应速度慢,难以满足系统高效调频需求。因此,为提高AA-CAES 系统一次调频性能, 提出一种基于线性二次型调节器(linear quadratic regulator,LQR)的一次调频控制策略。【方法】构建了计及各组件动态特性的AA-CAES 系统一次调频模型,通过引入LQR设计了基于系统荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)的AA-CAES 输出功率控制策略。针对不同SOC 下AACAES的实际输出功率,优化AA-CAES 的放电过程。最后,基于MATLAB/Simulink 仿真平台,验证了所提策略的有效性。【结果】该策略在系统满电荷状态下调频效果最佳,与PI 控制相比,使阶跃扰动下的最大频率偏差降低7.8%,使连续负荷扰动下的频率峰谷差降低15.2%,显著降低了系统频率偏差。【结论】该策略可有效抑制系统频率波动幅度,改善电力系统一次调频响应特性,为AACAES 系统深度参与电网一次调频服务提供了有力支撑。

关键词: 可再生能源, 新型电力系统, 储能, 一次调频, 线性二次型调节器, 电荷状态

Abstract: [Objectives] As the proportion of renewable energy in new-type power systems continues to increase,these systems are increasingly exhibiting low-inertia characteristics, making frequency stability problems increasingly severe. The advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) system is characterized by high efficiency, rapid response, and excellent frequency regulation capabilities. However, traditional PID control strategies have slow response and struggle to meet the system’s requirements for efficient frequency regulation. Therefore, to enhance the primary frequency regulation performance of AA-CAES systems, a primary frequency regulation control strategy based on a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is proposed. [Methods] This study constructs a primary frequency regulation model of the AA-CAES system considering the dynamic characteristics of each component. LQR is introduced to design an output power control strategy for the AA-CAES based on the system’s state of charge (SOC). The discharging process of the AA-CAES is optimized based on its actual output power under different SOC conditions. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated using the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform. [Results] The strategy demonstrates optimal frequency regulation performance when the system is in a fully charged state.

Key words: renewable energy, new-type power system, energy storage, primary frequency regulation, linear quadratic regulator, state of charge