燃煤电厂固废矿化封存二氧化碳技术研究进展

发电技术

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燃煤电厂固废矿化封存二氧化碳技术研究进展

王忠会¹，刘含笑^2，3，4*，叶鹏涛^2，4，于立元²，刘鹏举³，周号²

1.国家能源投资集团有限责任公司，北京市东城区 100011；2.浙江省燃煤烟气净化装备研究重点实验室(浙江菲达环保科技股份有限公司)，浙江省诸暨市 311800；3.浙江省环保集团生态环保研究院有限公司，浙江省杭州市 310000；4.华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，北京市昌平区 102206

基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3701501)；浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划(2023C03156)

Advances in CO2 Mineralization and Storage Technologies Using Solid Waste From Coal-Fired Power Plants

WANG Zhonghui¹, LIU Hanxiao^2,3,4*, YE Pengtao^2,4, YU Liyuan², LIU Pengju³, ZHOU Hao²

1.China Energy Investment Group Co., Ltd., Dongcheng District, Beijing 100011, China; 2.Key Laboratory of Coal-fired Smoke Purification Equipment Research in Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Feida Environmental Science & Technology Co.,Ltd.,), Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang Province, China; 3.Zhejiang Environmental Protection Group Ecological and Environmental Protection Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China; 4.School of Energy, Power, and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China

Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC3701501); Zhejiang Province’s “Vanguard” and “Leading Goose” R&D Key Project (2023C03156)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】针对燃煤电厂CO₂减排需求，系统研究了固体废物(飞灰、底灰、炉渣、脱硫石膏)矿化封存CO₂的技术潜力与方法，以推动碳捕集、利用与封存(carbon capture，utilization and storage，CCUS)技术的低成本高效应用。【方法】首先，量化典型固废的CO₂矿化潜力，分析其成分特征与封存机理；其次，综述直接碳酸化(气固干法/水溶液湿法)与间接碳酸化(酸浸/铵盐循环法)的技术路线，并对比2种方法的反应效率与能耗；然后，评述捕获-矿化集成(integrated absorption-mineralization，IAM)方案的胺再生机制与节能优势；最后，梳理实验室研究与示范项目的关键参数与经济性瓶颈。【结论】中国燃煤固废年矿化潜力超3 500万t CO₂(高钙飞灰1 200万t、脱硫石膏2 300万t)；湿法直接碳酸化反应速率快但废液处理成本高，间接酸浸法效率高但试剂再生能耗大，IAM技术可降低再生能耗60%以上；示范项目验证了技术可行性，但经济性不足会制约规模化应用，因此需优化反应条件、开发高附加值产物并强化政策支持。

关键词: CO₂矿化, 燃煤电厂, 固体废物, 碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS), 直接碳酸化, 间接碳酸化, 捕获-矿化集成(IAM)技术

Abstract: [Objectives]　To meet CO₂ emission reduction requirements in coal-fired power plants, the technical potential and methods of CO₂ mineralization and storage using solid waste (fly ash, bottom ash, slag, desulfurization gypsum) are systematically studied to promote the cost-effective and efficient application of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology. [Methods]　Firstly, the CO₂ mineralization potential of typical solid waste is quantified, and its composition characteristics and storage mechanisms are analyzed. Secondly, the technical routes of direct carbonation (gas-solid dry method/aqueous solution wet method) and indirect carbonation (acid leaching/ammonium salt cycle method) are reviewed, and the reaction efficiency and energy consumption of the two methods are compared. Subsequently, the amine regeneration mechanisms and energy saving advantages of the integrated absorption-mineralization (IAM) are reviewed. Finally, the key parameters and economic bottlenecks of laboratory research and demonstration projects are summarized.[Conclusions]　The annual mineralization potential of China’s coal-fired solid waste exceeds 35 million tons of CO₂ (12 million tons from high-calcium fly ash and 23 million tons from desulfurization gypsum). Wet direct carbonation exhibits a fast reaction rate but incurs high costs for the waste liquid treatment, while indirect acid leaching method has high efficiency but high reagent regeneration energy consumption. The IAM technology can reduce the regeneration energy consumption by more than 60%. The demonstration project verifies the technical feasibility, but economic limitations may restrict large-scale application. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the reaction conditions, develop high value-added products, and strengthen policy support.

Key words: CO₂ mineralization, coal-fired power plants, solid waste, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), direct carbonation, indirect carbonation, integrated absorption-mineralization (IAM) technology

王忠会, 刘含笑, 叶鹏涛, 于立元, 刘鹏举, 周号. 燃煤电厂固废矿化封存二氧化碳技术研究进展[J]. 发电技术.

WANG Zhonghui, LIU Hanxiao, YE Pengtao, YU Liyuan, LIU Pengju, ZHOU Hao. Advances in CO2 Mineralization and Storage Technologies Using Solid Waste From Coal-Fired Power Plants[J]. Power Generation Technology.

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