硫掺杂多孔碳材料的制备及其对脱硫废水中重金属的电吸附性能研究

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21128

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

燃煤电厂脱硫废水中的重金属污染对环境有巨大潜在危害，其中Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺、Cr³⁺等重金属离子的问题尤其突出。如何高效、有针对性地去除相关重金属离子，是废水净化的一个挑战。为此，通过模板法制备硫掺杂多孔碳材料，有选择性地对废水中相关重金属离子进行电吸附。结果表明：材料对于废水中的Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺、Cr³⁺在5次循环后的脱除效率仍可以达到99%左右。针对我国北部某燃煤电厂的实际脱硫废水进行电吸附实验，其中的Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺、Cr³⁺质量浓度被有效降低到小于0.2 μg/L。通过结构、形貌以及电化学等表征发现，S/PC₃具有出色的离子输送通道(介孔占比91.06%)和电化学性能(117.3 F/g，1 A/g)。同时，适宜的硫掺杂量提高了其位点活性，使得硫原子(路易斯软碱)和重金属离子(路易斯软酸)结合。

关键词: 燃煤电厂, 硫掺杂多孔碳, 烟气脱硫, 脱硫废水, 重金属, 电吸附

Abstract:

Heavy metal pollution in desulfurization wastewater from coal-fired power plants has huge potential harm to the environment. Among them, the problem of heavy metal ions such as Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cr³⁺ is particularly prominent. Efficient and targeted removal of relevant heavy metal ions is a huge challenge for wastewater purification. For this reason, sulfur-doped porous carbon materials were prepared by template method to selectively remove heavy metal ions from wastewater with electro-adsorption. The results show that the removal efficiency of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cr³⁺ in wastewater can still reach 99% after 5 cycles. The electric adsorption experiment was carried out for the actual desulfurization wastewater from a coal-fired power plant in northern China, the mass concentrations of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cr³⁺ could be effectively reduced to less than 0.2 μg/L. Through structural, morphological and electrochemical characteri-zation, it is found that S/PC₃ has excellent ion transport channels (mesoporous ratio is 91.06%) and electrochemical performance (117.3 F/g, 1 A/g). At the same time, the appropriate sulfur doping amount improves the site activity of sulfur-doped carbon materials, and makes the sulfur atoms (Lewis soft base) with heavy metal ions (Lewis soft acid) combine.

Key words: coal-fired power plant, sulfur-doped porous carbon, flue gas desulfurization, desulfurization wastewater, heavy metal, electro-adsorption

中图分类号:

TK 09

尹桃柱, 张永生, 汪涛, 王家伟. 硫掺杂多孔碳材料的制备及其对脱硫废水中重金属的电吸附性能研究[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(3): 382-391.

Taozhu YIN, Yongsheng ZHANG, Tao WANG, Jiawei WANG. Preparation of Sulfur-doped Porous Carbon and Its Electro-adsorption Performance for Heavy Metals in Desulfurization Wastewater[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(3): 382-391.

图/表 7

图1 硫掺杂多孔碳合成以及电吸附实验示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of sulfur-doped porous carbon synthesis and electro-adsorption experiment

图2 电容去离子模块和各部分组成示意图

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of capacitive deionization module and its components

图3 材料的电化学性能

Fig. 3 Electrochemical properties of materials

图4 S/PC3电极对废水中重金属离子的电吸附性能

Fig. 4 Electro-adsorption performance of S/PC3 electrode for heavy metal ions in wastewater

图5 S/PC1, S/PC2, S/PC3和S/PC4材料在不同放大倍数下的SEM图

Fig. 5 SEM images of S/PC1, S/PC2, S/PC3 and S/PC4 materials under different magnifications

图6 不同材料的N2吸附-脱附及孔径分布曲线

Fig. 6 N2 adsorption-desorption and pore size distribution curves of different materials

图7 材料的热分析曲线

Fig. 7 Thermal analysis curves of materials

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